William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
J Digit Imaging. 2011 Feb;24(1):142-50. doi: 10.1007/s10278-009-9271-z.
Academic medical centers, in general, and radiation oncology research, in particular, rely heavily on custom software tools and applications. The code development is typically the responsibility of a single individual or at most a small team. Often these individuals are not professional programmers but physicists, students, and physicians. While they possess domain expertise and algorithm knowledge, they often are not fully aware of general "safe coding" practices--nor do they need the full complexity familiar in large commercial software projects to succeed. Rather, some simple guidelines we refer to as "programming in the small" can be used.
一般来说，学术医疗中心，尤其是放射肿瘤学研究，严重依赖于定制的软件工具和应用程序。代码开发通常由单个人员或最多由一个小团队负责。这些人员通常不是专业的程序员，而是物理学家、学生和医生。虽然他们拥有领域专业知识和算法知识，但他们通常不完全了解一般的“安全编码”实践，也不需要大型商业软件项目中常见的全部复杂性就能成功。相反，可以使用一些我们称之为“小范围编程”的简单准则。
