Study of the health effects of long-term exposure to cadmium and lead in a region of Poland.

A region in Poland with a high concentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) was used as a case study to look for the potential health consequences of chronic cadmium and lead exposure. The analysis of the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms mortality were carried out and the mortality using SDR (standardized death rate) were compared with Cd and Pb pollution in each of 13 cities. To estimate the association between health effect and the pollutant concentration, the linear regression method was used. On the basis of calculated regression, the magnitude of changes in the health state has been estimated assuming that the ambient air pollution decrease is 10%. The reduction of the concentrations of both heavy metals in the air will lower SDR, by 24.4 and 31.6 people for cadmium and lead, respectively.