Costarelli Vassiliki, Yiannakouris Nikos
Human Ecology Laboratory, Department of Home Economics and Ecology, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Nurs Stand. 2010;24(18):35-40. doi: 10.7748/ns2010.01.24.18.35.c7441.
Many countries have experienced a pronounced shift towards later childbearing in recent years. Having children later in life has become a characteristic of contemporary fertility in affluent societies. Childbearing, particularly at a younger age, has been shown consistently to reduce the risk of breast cancer in the long term. Breast cancer constitutes the most common cancer in women and is an important public health concern worldwide. Early age at full-term pregnancy lowers the risk of breast cancer in women, whereas in older women first full-term pregnancy appears to increase the risk. Lactation seems to be relatively important in reducing the risk and abortion is associated neither with increased nor reduced risk. Several hypotheses have been proposed to account for the protective effects of parity. These include an altered systemic hormonal environment and an altered mammary cell fate.
近年来，许多国家都经历了明显的晚育趋势。晚育已成为富裕社会当代生育的一个特征。长期以来，生育，尤其是在年轻时生育，一直被证明能降低患乳腺癌的风险。乳腺癌是女性中最常见的癌症，也是全球重要的公共卫生问题。足月妊娠年龄早可降低女性患乳腺癌的风险，而在老年女性中，首次足月妊娠似乎会增加风险。哺乳在降低风险方面似乎相对重要，而流产与风险增加或降低均无关。已经提出了几种假说来解释生育次数的保护作用。这些假说包括全身激素环境的改变和乳腺细胞命运的改变。
