Roy J. Carver Center for Comparative Genomics and Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Insect Mol Biol. 2010 Feb;19 Suppl 1:165-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2009.00948.x.
The parasitoid jewel wasp Nasonia vitripennis reproduces by haplodiploidy (arrhenotokous parthenogenesis). In diploid females, meiosis occurs during oogenesis, but in haploid males spermatogenesis is ameiotic and involves a single equational division. Here we describe the phylogenomic distribution of meiotic genes in N. vitripennis and in 10 additional arthropods. Homologues for 39 meiosis-related genes (including seven meiosis-specific genes) were identified in N. vitripennis. The meiotic genes missing from N. vitripennis are also sporadically absent in other arthropods, suggesting that certain meiotic genes are dispensable for meiosis. Among an additional set of 15 genes thought to be specific for male meiosis in Drosophila, two genes (bol and crl) were identified in N. vitripennis and Apis mellifera (both for which canonical meiosis is absent in males) and in other arthropods. The distribution of meiotic genes across arthropods and the impact of gene duplications and reproductive modes on meiotic gene evolution are discussed.
寄生性金小蜂 Nasonia vitripennis 通过单倍性孤雌生殖（Arrhenotokyous 型孤雌生殖）进行繁殖。在二倍体雌性中，减数分裂发生在卵子发生过程中，但在单倍体雄性中，减数分裂是无丝分裂，涉及单一均等分裂。本文描述了 N. vitripennis 及其 10 种额外节肢动物中减数分裂基因的系统发生分布。在 N. vitripennis 中鉴定出了 39 个与减数分裂相关的基因（包括 7 个减数分裂特异性基因）的同源物。N. vitripennis 缺失的减数分裂基因在其他节肢动物中也偶尔缺失，表明某些减数分裂基因对于减数分裂是可有可无的。在一组额外的被认为是果蝇雄性减数分裂特有的 15 个基因中，有两个基因（bol 和 crl）在 N. vitripennis 和 Apis mellifera（两者在雄性中都没有典型的减数分裂）以及其他节肢动物中被鉴定出来。讨论了减数分裂基因在节肢动物中的分布，以及基因重复和生殖方式对减数分裂基因进化的影响。
