Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2010 Feb;32(1):3-22. doi: 10.1123/jsep.32.1.3.
Many fouls committed in football (called soccer in some countries) are ambiguous, and there is no objective way of determining who is the "true" perpetrator or the "true" victim. Consequently, fans as well as referees often rely on a variety of decision cues when judging such foul situations. Based on embodiment research, which links perceptions of height to concepts of strength, power, and aggression, we argue that height is going to be one of the decision cues used. As a result, people are more likely to attribute a foul in an ambiguous tackle situation to the taller of two players. We find consistent support for our hypothesis, not only in field data spanning the last seven UEFA Champions League and German Bundesliga seasons, as well as the last three FIFA World Cups, but also in two experimental studies. The resulting dilemma for refereeing in practice is discussed.
在足球（在一些国家称为 soccer）中，许多犯规行为都是模棱两可的，没有客观的方法来确定谁是“真正的”肇事者或“真正的”受害者。因此，球迷和裁判在判断这种犯规情况时，往往会依赖各种决策线索。基于将身高与力量、权力和攻击性等概念联系起来的体现研究，我们认为身高将是使用的决策线索之一。因此，人们更有可能将模棱两可的铲球情况中的犯规归咎于两名球员中较高的那个。我们不仅在过去七个欧冠和德甲赛季以及过去三个国际足联世界杯的现场数据中，而且在两项实验研究中都得到了对我们假设的一致支持。随后讨论了这对裁判在实践中的困境。
