Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research, Esch-sur-Alzette/Belval, Luxembourg.
Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
PLoS One. 2020 Feb 26;15(2):e0227758. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227758. eCollection 2020.
This study is the first to investigate whether the introduction of additional assistant referees in the UEFA Europa League (2009-2010 season) and the UEFA Champions League (2010-2011 season) was associated with lower referee bias in terms of home and "big" team favouritism. To this end, we analyse a unique database with pre- and within-game characteristics of all games in seven recent seasons in these leagues by means of bivariate probit regression models. We find evidence for substantial referee bias before the introduction of additional referees, while no such evidence is found after the introduction. Furthermore, additional assistants go hand in hand with more yellow cards for both home and away teams. We show that these findings are robust to multiple operationalisations of referee bias and that they are not just picking up a general time evolution towards less referee bias or the effect of parallel reforms.
这项研究首次调查了在欧洲联赛（2009-2010 赛季）和欧冠联赛（2010-2011 赛季）中引入额外助理裁判是否与主场和“大”球队偏袒相关的裁判偏见降低有关。为此，我们通过二元 Probit 回归模型分析了最近七个赛季这两个联赛中所有比赛的独特数据库，其中包含比赛前和比赛期间的特征。我们发现，在引入额外裁判之前存在大量裁判偏见的证据，而在引入之后则没有发现这种证据。此外，额外的助理裁判会导致主场和客场球队的黄牌数量增加。我们表明，这些发现对于裁判偏见的多种操作化都是稳健的，并且它们不仅仅是发现了裁判偏见朝着降低的一般趋势，或者平行改革的影响。
