Barrett Sean P
Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Halifax NS B3H 4J1,, Canada.
Behav Pharmacol. 2010 Mar;21(2):144-52. doi: 10.1097/FBP.0b013e328337be68.
The effects of the acute administration of nicotine [through nicotine inhalers (NI) and placebo inhalers (PI)], nicotine-containing tobacco (NT), and denicotinized tobacco (DT), on smokers' subjective responses and motivation to smoke were examined in 22 smokers (12 male, 10 female; 11 low dependent, 11 high dependent). During four randomized blinded sessions, participants self-administered NI, PI, NT, or DT, and assessed their effects using Visual Analogue Scales and the Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges. They could then self-administer their preferred brand of cigarettes using a progressive ratio task. NT and DT were each associated with increased satisfaction and relaxation as well as decreased craving relative to the inhalers and NT increased ratings of stimulation relative to each of the other products. Both NT and DT delayed the onset of preferred tobacco self-administration relative to NI and PI but only NT reduced the total amount self-administered. Sex differences were evident in the effects of DT on withdrawal-related cravings with women experiencing greater DT-induced craving relief than men. Findings suggest that DT is effective in acutely reducing many smoking abstinence symptoms, especially in women, but a combination of nicotine and non-nicotine tobacco ingredients may be necessary to suppress smoking behavior.
通过尼古丁吸入器（NI）和安慰剂吸入器（PI）对22名吸烟者（12名男性，10名女性；11名低度依赖者，11名高度依赖者）急性给予尼古丁、含尼古丁烟草（NT）和去尼古丁烟草（DT），研究其对吸烟者主观反应和吸烟动机的影响。在四个随机双盲环节中，参与者自行使用NI、PI、NT或DT，并使用视觉模拟量表和吸烟冲动简短问卷评估其效果。然后，他们可以使用累进比率任务自行使用自己喜欢的香烟品牌。与吸入器相比，NT和DT均与满意度和放松感增加以及渴望降低有关，并且相对于其他每种产品，NT的刺激评分增加。相对于NI和PI，NT和DT均延迟了首选烟草自行给药的开始，但只有NT减少了自行给药的总量。DT对与戒断相关的渴望的影响存在明显的性别差异，女性比男性更能缓解DT引起的渴望。研究结果表明，DT在急性减轻许多戒烟症状方面有效，尤其是在女性中，但可能需要尼古丁和非尼古丁烟草成分的组合来抑制吸烟行为。
