Mdegela R H, Ryoba R, Karimuribo E D, Phiri E J, Løken T, Reksen O, Mtengeti E, Urio N A
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania.
J S Afr Vet Assoc. 2009 Sep;80(3):163-8. doi: 10.4102/jsava.v80i3.195.
A cross sectional study was conducted during October and November 2006 on 69 smallholder dairy farms with lactating cows in Mvomero and Njombe districts Tanzania, to determine the prevalence of mastitis and to assess the milk quality on the study farms. Clinical mastitis was investigated using clinical changes of udder and milk at animal level. Cow-side California Mastitis Test (CMT) and microbiological cultures were used to assess subclinical mastitis at quarter level. Milk quality was determined on bulk milk samples at herd level using alcohol and acidity tests, butter fat content, total solids, ash content as well as Delvotest for antimicrobial residues. Overall prevalence of clinical mastitis at herd level in both districts was 21.7% (n = 69). Based on CMT, prevalence of subclinical mastitis at animal level was 51.6% (n = 91). Prevalence of bacterial isolates at animal level was 35.2% (n = 91) while for fungal it was 16.7% (n = 90). Based on CMT results, prevalence of subclinical mastitis at quarter level was 30% (n = 353), while for bacteria and fungi it was 16% and 6% respectively. Contamination of milk with antimicrobial residues was 4.5% (n = 67). The milk quality parameters for most of the milk samples were within acceptable levels. Findings in this study have demonstrated high prevalence of subclinical mastitis that may contribute to low productivity of dairy cattle in both districts. About 20% of CMT subclinical cases had no involvement of microbial pathogens that suggested the need for minimal interventions with antimicrobial agents. These findings call for use of udder disinfectants and improved milking hygiene as intervention strategies to control mastitis on the smallholder dairy farms in Tanzania.
2006年10月至11月期间，在坦桑尼亚的姆沃梅罗和琼贝地区，对69个饲养泌乳奶牛的小农户奶牛场进行了一项横断面研究，以确定乳腺炎的患病率，并评估研究农场的牛奶质量。在动物层面，通过乳房和牛奶的临床变化调查临床乳腺炎。使用牛场加州乳腺炎检测（CMT）和微生物培养来评估季度层面的亚临床乳腺炎。在畜群层面，使用酒精和酸度测试、乳脂含量、总固体、灰分含量以及用于检测抗菌残留的德尔伏测试来测定牛奶质量。两个地区畜群层面临床乳腺炎的总体患病率为21.7%（n = 69）。基于CMT，动物层面亚临床乳腺炎的患病率为51.6%（n = 91）。动物层面细菌分离株的患病率为35.2%（n = 91），而真菌的患病率为16.7%（n = 90）。基于CMT结果，季度层面亚临床乳腺炎的患病率为30%（n = 353），而细菌和真菌的患病率分别为16%和6%。牛奶中抗菌残留的污染率为4.5%（n = 67）。大多数牛奶样本的牛奶质量参数在可接受水平内。本研究的结果表明，亚临床乳腺炎的患病率很高，这可能导致两个地区奶牛的低生产率。约20%的CMT亚临床病例没有微生物病原体感染，这表明对抗菌剂进行最小干预的必要性。这些发现呼吁使用乳房消毒剂并改善挤奶卫生，作为控制坦桑尼亚小农户奶牛场乳腺炎的干预策略。
