Suleiman T S, Karimuribo E D, Mdegela R H
Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources, Livestock and Fisheries, P.O. Box 159, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary and Medical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Chuo Kikuu, Tanzania.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2018 Feb;50(2):259-266. doi: 10.1007/s11250-017-1424-3. Epub 2017 Oct 4.
A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and July 2014 in Unguja island of Zanzibar to establish prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in smallholder dairy cows and patterns of antibacterial susceptibility of major mastitis pathogens isolated. A total of 416 dairy cows from 201 farmers were randomly selected from three districts of Unguja Island to participate in the study. Questionnaire interview, field observation, individual cow examination, California Mastitis Test (CMT) and bacteriological examination were carried out. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique was used to test drug sensitivity for common bacteria isolated. Based on CMT results, the overall prevalence of SCM was 28.6, 48.8 and 64.7% at quarter, cow and farm level, respectively. Prevalence of bacterial infection was recorded at 42.9, 70.9 and 78.6% at quarter, cow and farm examined, respectively. The common bacteria isolated included Staphylococcus aureus (36.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.8%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (16.1%), Klebsiella spp. (9.5%), Micrococcus spp. (6.3%) and Escherichia coli (4.9%). In conclusion, findings of this study demonstrated high level of subclinical mastitis at farms, cows and quarters levels with both contagious and environmental bacterial pathogen involved. Therefore, efforts should be directed to the decreased subclinical mastitis by improving sanitary measures and proper milking practice.
2014年1月至7月，在桑给巴尔的温古贾岛开展了一项横断面研究，以确定小农户奶牛亚临床型乳腺炎（SCM）的患病率以及所分离出的主要乳腺炎病原体的抗菌药敏模式。从温古贾岛的三个区随机选取了来自201个农户的416头奶牛参与研究。开展了问卷调查、实地观察、个体奶牛检查、加利福尼亚乳腺炎试验（CMT）和细菌学检查。采用Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散技术对分离出的常见细菌进行药敏试验。根据CMT结果，SCM在乳区、奶牛和养殖场层面的总体患病率分别为28.6%、48.8%和64.7%。在所检查的乳区、奶牛和养殖场中，细菌感染率分别记录为42.9%、70.9%和78.6%。分离出的常见细菌包括金黄色葡萄球菌（36.8%）、铜绿假单胞菌（17.8%）、表皮葡萄球菌（16.1%）、克雷伯菌属（9.5%）、微球菌属（6.3%）和大肠杆菌（4.9%）。总之，本研究结果表明，在养殖场、奶牛和乳区层面，亚临床型乳腺炎的发生率很高，且涉及传染性和环境性细菌病原体。因此，应通过改善卫生措施和正确的挤奶操作来努力降低亚临床型乳腺炎的发生率。
