Institute of Sport and Recreation Research New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.
Sports Biomech. 2009 Nov;8(4):334-44. doi: 10.1080/14763140903414433.
This study determined whether backward grinding performance in America's Cup sailing could be improved using a training intervention to increase power capability in the upper-body pull movement. Fourteen elite male sailors (34.9 +/- 5.9 years; 98.1 +/- 14.4 kg; 186.6 +/- 7.7 cm) were allocated into experimental (speed-focussed) and control groups. Grinding performance was assessed using a grinding ergometer and an instrumented Smith machine measured force, velocity and power during the bench pull exercise. Conventional training produced significant improvements in bench pull 1 RM (5.2 +/- 4.0%; p = 0.016) and maximum force production (5.4 +/- 4.0%; p = 0.014). Speed-focussed training improved maximum power (7.8 +/- 4.9%; p = 0.009), power at 1 RM (10.3 +/- 8.9%; p = 0.019) and maximum velocity (8.4 +/- 2.6%; p = 0.0002). Backward grinding performance showed greater improvements in the experimental group than the control group for moderate (+1.8%) and heavy load (+6.0%) grinding. Changes in maximum power output and power at 1 RM had large correlations (r = 0.56-0.61) with changes in both moderate and heavy load grinding performance. Time to peak force had the strongest relationship, explaining 70% of the change in heavy load grinding performance. Although the performance benefit was not entirely clear the likelihood of a detrimental effect was low (< 5%) and therefore implementation could be recommended.
本研究旨在确定通过增加上半身拉力运动能力的训练干预，是否可以提高美洲杯帆船赛中的反向研磨性能。14 名精英男性帆船运动员（34.9 +/- 5.9 岁；98.1 +/- 14.4 公斤；186.6 +/- 7.7 厘米）被分配到实验组（速度重点组）和对照组。使用研磨测功计评估研磨性能，并用仪器化史密斯机测量 bench pull 运动中的力、速度和功率。常规训练使 bench pull 1 RM（5.2 +/- 4.0%；p = 0.016）和最大力量输出（5.4 +/- 4.0%；p = 0.014）显著提高。速度重点训练提高了最大功率（7.8 +/- 4.9%；p = 0.009）、1 RM 时的功率（10.3 +/- 8.9%；p = 0.019）和最大速度（8.4 +/- 2.6%；p = 0.0002）。在实验组中，反向研磨性能在中载（+1.8%）和重载（+6.0%）研磨时的改善程度明显大于对照组。最大功率输出和 1 RM 时的功率的变化与中载和重载研磨性能的变化都有很大的相关性（r = 0.56-0.61）。峰值力时间与重载研磨性能的变化关系最强，解释了 70%的重载研磨性能变化。尽管性能收益并不完全清楚，但不利影响的可能性很低（<5%），因此可以推荐实施。
