School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; Water Quality Research Australia, Adelaide, Australia (formerly Co-operative Research Centre for Water Quality and Treatment-Wastewater Program, Melbourne, Australia).
School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; Water Quality Research Australia, Adelaide, Australia (formerly Co-operative Research Centre for Water Quality and Treatment-Wastewater Program, Melbourne, Australia).
Environ Int. 2010 May;36(4):323-329. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2010.01.004. Epub 2010 Feb 20.
A study was completed to investigate temporal trends of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs; aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, heptachlor, hexachlorbenzene, and DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sewage sludge. Between 2004 and 2006 the concentration of OCPs and PCBs in Australian sewage sludge (n=829) was consistently <1000mugkg(-1) dry solids DS. Dieldrin, chlordane and DDE were detected in 68%, 27% and 13% at maximum concentrations of 770, 290 and 270 microgkg(-1) DS, respectively. Time series analysis (1995-2006) of OCPs and PCBs sewage sludge concentrations (n=2266) taken from six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of the same geographic region found that lindane, aldrin HCB, heptachlor, DDT, DDD and PCBs were infrequently detected (<8%). A correlation between dieldrin and chlordane levels was found (P<0.05) which provides evidence of similar environmental mechanisms facilitating movement of dieldrin and chlordane through environment compartments. It has taken more than 10years for dieldrin and chlordane to reduce to less than detectable concentrations in freshly generated sewage sludge in Australia following government restrictions. Internationally, reported sewage sludge OCP concentrations were consistently low and often less than detection limits. Therefore, OCPs are not considered to be a contaminant of regulatory concern for countries that phased out OCP use several decades ago. Concentrations of PCBs in sewage sludge were also consistently low and rarely exceeded European contaminant limits and therefore, regulatory limits may warrant review. The authors recommend that Australian authorities revise regulatory requirements for OCP and PCBs contaminant levels in sewage sludge destined for beneficial reuse as biosolids.
一项研究旨在调查有机氯农药（OCPs；艾氏剂、氯丹、狄氏剂、七氯、六氯苯和滴滴涕）和多氯联苯（PCBs）在污水污泥中的时间趋势。2004 年至 2006 年间，澳大利亚污水污泥中 OCPs 和 PCBs 的浓度（n=829）一直<1000μgkg(-1)干固体 DS。在最大浓度下，六氯苯、氯丹和 DDE 的检出率分别为 68%、27%和 13%，浓度分别为 770、290 和 270μgkg(-1)DS。对同一地理区域的六个废水处理厂（WWTPs）采集的 OCPs 和 PCBs 污水污泥浓度（n=2266）的时间序列分析（1995-2006 年）发现，林丹、艾氏剂 HCB、七氯、滴滴涕、DDD 和 PCBs 的检出率较低（<8%）。发现狄氏剂和氯丹水平之间存在相关性（P<0.05），这表明相似的环境机制有利于狄氏剂和氯丹在环境隔室中的迁移。在澳大利亚，政府限制使用滴滴涕和氯丹后，需要 10 多年的时间才能使新生成的污水污泥中的滴滴涕和氯丹降低到检测不到的浓度。在国际上，报告的污水污泥 OCP 浓度一直较低，而且往往低于检测限。因此，滴滴涕和氯丹不再被认为是几十年前停止使用滴滴涕和氯丹的国家需要关注的污染物。污水污泥中 PCBs 的浓度也一直较低，很少超过欧洲污染物限量，因此，监管限量可能需要审查。作者建议澳大利亚当局修订污水污泥中滴滴涕和 PCBs 污染物水平的监管要求，以用于生物固体的有益再利用。
