Müller M H B, Polder A, Brynildsrud O B, Karimi M, Lie E, Manyilizu W B, Mdegela R H, Mokiti F, Murtadha M, Nonga H E, Skaare J U, Lyche J L
Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N- 0033, Oslo, Norway.
Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, N- 0033, Oslo, Norway.
Environ Res. 2017 Apr;154:425-434. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.031. Epub 2017 Feb 11.
This is the first study to report organochlorines (OCs), including chlorinated pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human milk from Tanzania. The main aims of this study were to assess the level of contamination and the possible health risks related to OC exposure in nursing infants from the Northern parts of Tanzania. Ninety-five healthy mother-infant couples attending Mount Meru Regional Referral Hospital (MMRRH), Arusha, Tanzania, were assessed for associations between maternal/infant characteristics, i.e. mother's age, BMI, gestational weight gain, occupation, residence and fetal growth parameters and breast milk levels of OCPs, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, dieldrin and PCBs. p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT were detected in 100% and 75% of the breast milk samples, respectively, and ranged between 24 and 2400ng/g lipid weight (lw) and <LOD and 133ng/g lw, respectively. Dieldrin was detected in 66% of the samples in levels up to 937ng/g lw. ∑7PCBs ranged between <LOD and 157ng/g lw. Other OCPs were detected in low levels. For assessment of health risks, the Hazard Quotient (HQ) was calculated by comparing estimated daily intakes of OCPs and PCBs with health based guidance values. The estimated daily intake (ng/kg body weight/day) of ∑DDTs, dieldrin and nondioxin-like PCBs (∑6PCBs) exceeded the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) in two, six and forty-eight of the nursing infants, respectively, suggesting potential health risks. In addition, head circumference were negatively associated with p,p´-DDE in female infants, suggesting that OC exposure during pregnancy may influence fetal growth.
这是第一项报告坦桑尼亚母乳中有机氯（OCs）的研究，其中包括氯化农药（OCPs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）。本研究的主要目的是评估坦桑尼亚北部地区哺乳期婴儿OC暴露的污染水平及相关健康风险。对在坦桑尼亚阿鲁沙梅鲁山地区转诊医院（MMRRH）就诊的95对健康母婴进行了评估，以分析母婴特征（即母亲年龄、体重指数、孕期体重增加、职业、居住地和胎儿生长参数）与母乳中OCPs（如二氯二苯三氯乙烷（DDT）及其代谢物、狄氏剂）和PCBs水平之间的关联。在100%和75%的母乳样本中分别检测到了p,p'-DDE和p,p'-DDT，其含量分别在24至2400ng/g脂重（lw）之间以及低于检测限（<LOD）至133ng/g lw之间。在66%的样本中检测到了狄氏剂，含量高达937ng/g lw。∑7PCBs含量在<LOD至157ng/g lw之间。其他OCPs的检测含量较低。为评估健康风险，通过将OCPs和PCBs的估计每日摄入量与基于健康的指导值进行比较来计算危害商（HQ）。在部分哺乳期婴儿中，∑DDTs、狄氏剂和非二噁英类PCBs（∑6PCBs）的估计每日摄入量（ng/kg体重/天）分别在2例、6例和48例中超过了暂定每日耐受摄入量（PTDI），这表明存在潜在健康风险。此外，女婴的头围与p,p´-DDE呈负相关，这表明孕期OC暴露可能会影响胎儿生长。
