NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, 4 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2010 Feb;22(1):63-72. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2010.01.008. Epub 2010 Feb 18.
The human intestine harbors and is in constant contact with 1000 trillion microbes, composed of an estimated 15,000 strains. Recent studies have changed our perspective of commensal microbes from benign but inert passengers, to active participants in the processing of food into useful metabolic components, the postnatal development of mucosal and systemic immunity, and in its long-term steady state function. Although mucosal surfaces have to constitutively integrate a multitude of microbial derived signals, new evidence suggests that defined bacteria or microbial products can play a dominant role in the induction of distinct class of immune responses. In this review we will focus on recent findings associating microbes that colonize or invade the gut, specialized mucosal DCs, and induction of effector or regulatory response in the GI tract.
人类肠道中栖息着 1000 万亿个微生物，估计由 15000 个菌株组成。最近的研究改变了我们对共生微生物的看法，它们不再是良性但无活性的乘客，而是积极参与将食物转化为有用代谢成分、黏膜和全身免疫的后天发育，以及维持其长期稳定状态的功能。尽管黏膜表面必须不断整合多种微生物衍生的信号，但新的证据表明，特定的细菌或微生物产物可以在诱导不同类别的免疫反应中发挥主导作用。在这篇综述中，我们将重点介绍最近发现的与定植或侵袭肠道的微生物、专门的黏膜 DC 以及在胃肠道中诱导效应或调节反应有关的研究。
