Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Feb;24(1):117-32. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2009.08.012.
Deficiencies of micronutrients are highly prevalent in low-income countries. Inadequate intake of iodine impairs thyroid function and results in a spectrum of disorders. Other common deficiencies of micronutrients such as iron, selenium, vitamin A, and possibly zinc may interact with iodine nutrition and thyroid function. Randomised controlled intervention trials in iodine- and iron-deficient populations have shown that providing iron along with iodine results in greater improvements in thyroid function and volume than providing iodine alone. Vitamin A supplementation given alone or in combination with iodised salt can have a beneficial impact on thyroid function and thyroid size. Despite numerous studies of the effect of selenium on iodine and thyroid metabolism in animals, most published randomised controlled intervention trials in human populations failed to confirm an impact of selenium supplementation on thyroid metabolism. Little evidence is available on interactions between iodine and zinc metabolism.
微量营养素缺乏在低收入国家非常普遍。碘摄入不足会损害甲状腺功能，导致一系列疾病。其他常见的微量营养素缺乏，如铁、硒、维生素 A，以及可能的锌，可能与碘营养和甲状腺功能相互作用。在碘和铁缺乏人群中进行的随机对照干预试验表明，与单独提供碘相比，同时提供铁和碘可更大程度地改善甲状腺功能和体积。单独或与碘化盐联合使用维生素 A 补充剂可以对甲状腺功能和甲状腺大小产生有益影响。尽管有许多关于硒对动物碘和甲状腺代谢影响的研究，但大多数已发表的人类人群随机对照干预试验未能证实硒补充对甲状腺代谢的影响。关于碘和锌代谢之间相互作用的证据很少。
