Wu Zhifei, Liu Yu, Wang Wenjuan
Department of Pediatrics, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Department of Internal Medicine, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Arch Med Sci. 2024 Jan 23;20(5):1484-1494. doi: 10.5114/aoms/178012. eCollection 2024.
Iodine deficiency is a global issue; however, no comparable assessments of the burden of iodine deficiency have been conducted worldwide. Hence, we measured the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) from 1990 to 2019. Our aim was to quantify the geographic differences in the burden of iodine deficiency worldwide.
The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 methodology was employed to investigate the worldwide, regional, and national incidence of iodine deficiency and the accompanying disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).
The global age-standardized incidence (ASI) and DALY rates of iodine deficiency declined from 1990 to 2019, with an EAPC of -0.44 and -1.35, respectively. Low and low-middle SDI had much higher ASI and DALY rates of iodine deficiency than other SDI regions. At the regional level, the largest growth in the ASI rate of iodine insufficiency from 1990 to 2019 occurred in East Asia, and at the national level, the greatest increases in the ASI rate of iodine deficiency occurred in the Philippines, Pakistan and Nepal. In addition, males had a lower worldwide ASI rate of iodine insufficiency than females did, with the incidence rate peaking in populations aged 20-24.
Between 1990 and 2019, there was a decline in the global ASI and DALY rates of iodine deficiency. However, East Asia, the Philippines, Pakistan and Nepal exhibited the largest increases in the ASI rates of iodine deficiency, demonstrating their significant burden of iodine insufficiency. These regions must therefore be targeted for intervention.
碘缺乏是一个全球性问题；然而，全球尚未进行过关于碘缺乏负担的可比评估。因此，我们测量了1990年至2019年的估计年度百分比变化（EAPC）。我们的目的是量化全球碘缺乏负担的地理差异。
采用《2019年全球疾病、伤害及风险因素负担研究》方法，调查全球、区域和国家层面碘缺乏的发病率以及随之而来的伤残调整生命年（DALY）。
1990年至2019年，全球碘缺乏的年龄标准化发病率（ASI）和DALY率有所下降，EAPC分别为-0.44和-1.35。低社会人口指数（SDI）和低中社会人口指数地区的碘缺乏ASI和DALY率远高于其他SDI地区。在区域层面，1990年至2019年碘摄入不足ASI率增长最大的地区是东亚，在国家层面，碘缺乏ASI率增长最大的国家是菲律宾、巴基斯坦和尼泊尔。此外，全球男性碘摄入不足的ASI率低于女性，发病率在20-24岁人群中达到峰值。
1990年至2019年期间，全球碘缺乏的ASI和DALY率有所下降。然而，东亚、菲律宾、巴基斯坦和尼泊尔的碘缺乏ASI率增长幅度最大，表明其碘摄入不足负担较重。因此，必须针对这些地区进行干预。
