Department of Psychology, and Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Dev Psychobiol. 2010 Apr;52(3):244-53. doi: 10.1002/dev.20437.
The magnitude and duration of the hormonal stress response change dramatically throughout an organism's lifespan. Although much is known about the factors that modulate stress reactivity during adulthood and how neonatal development and aging influence stress responsiveness, we know relatively little about how stress reactivity changes during the juvenile to adult transition. Recent studies in adolescent boys and girls have suggested that stress is an important factor contributing to an individual's vulnerability to various neuropsychological dysfunctions, including anxiety, depression, and drug abuse. Thus, understanding how exposure to stressors during this crucial period of development lead to negative consequences is of paramount importance. A growing body of literature indicates that pubertal organisms react differentially, both physiologically and behaviorally, to a stressor compared to adults. The purpose of this review, therefore, is to discuss the recent findings regarding the pubertal maturation of stress reactivity, while also highlighting future research directions that will aid in our understanding of stress and adolescent mental health and development.
在生物体的整个生命周期中，激素应激反应的强度和持续时间会发生巨大变化。尽管人们已经了解了调节成年期应激反应的因素，以及新生儿发育和衰老如何影响应激反应能力，但对于应激反应在青少年到成年过渡期的变化，我们知之甚少。最近对青少年男孩和女孩的研究表明，压力是导致个体易患各种神经心理功能障碍（包括焦虑、抑郁和药物滥用）的重要因素。因此，了解在这一关键发育时期暴露于应激源会导致哪些负面后果至关重要。越来越多的文献表明，与成年人相比，青春期生物体在生理和行为上对应激源的反应存在差异。因此，本综述的目的是讨论应激反应的青春期成熟的最新发现，同时强调未来的研究方向，这将有助于我们理解压力和青少年的心理健康和发展。
