Alexy B B
School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529-0500.
Res Nurs Health. 1991 Feb;14(1):33-40. doi: 10.1002/nur.4770140106.
The aim of this project was to compare characteristics and factors that distinguished those individuals (n = 101) who participated in a worksite wellness program from those who did not (n = 100). This project was unique in that the majority of subjects were bluecollar workers. Factor analysis of a 35-item questionnaire resulted in six factors: perceived benefits of health promotion behaviors, perceived physical barriers of health promotion, perceived self-efficacy for health promotion behaviors, perceived psychological barriers, situational components relating to convenience of the wellness facility, and the need for social support. Discriminant analysis revealed that self-efficacy was the most useful factor in distinguishing between the two groups. Participants identified more benefits and fewer barriers to health promotion activities. Nonparticipants were older, less educated, and tended to view their age, their perceived lack of fitness, and perceived poorer health status as deterrents to regular physical activity. Nonparticipants also identified shift work, working overtime, responsibilities at home, and distance from work as important barriers to health promotion activities. Self-efficacy factors appear to warrant further investigation in future attempts to explain health promotion behaviors in this high risk group.
本项目旨在比较参与工作场所健康计划的个体（n = 101）与未参与该计划的个体（n = 100）的特征和区分因素。该项目的独特之处在于，大多数受试者为蓝领工人。对一份包含35个条目的问卷进行因子分析，得出六个因素：健康促进行为的感知益处、健康促进的感知身体障碍、健康促进行为的感知自我效能、感知心理障碍、与健康设施便利性相关的情境因素以及社会支持需求。判别分析表明，自我效能是区分两组人群最有用的因素。参与者认为健康促进活动的益处更多，障碍更少。未参与者年龄较大、受教育程度较低，且倾向于将自己的年龄、感知到的缺乏健身以及较差的健康状况视为定期体育活动的阻碍。未参与者还将轮班工作、加班、家庭责任以及与工作地点的距离视为健康促进活动的重要障碍。自我效能因素似乎值得在未来进一步研究，以解释这个高风险群体的健康促进行为。
