Vietor D M, Provin T L, White R H, Munster C L
Soil and Crop Sciences Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
J Environ Qual. 2004 Jan-Feb;33(1):358-66. doi: 10.2134/jeq2004.3580.
Nutrient loading on impaired watersheds can be reduced through export of sod grown with manure and export of composted manure for turf production on other watersheds. Effects of the sod and manure exports on receiving watersheds were evaluated through monitoring of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and N concentrations and losses in runoff from establishing turf. Three replications of seven treatments were established on an 8.5% slope of a Booneville soil (loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Pachic Argicryolls). Three treatments comprised imported 'Tifway' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) sod grown with composted dairy manure (382 or 191 kg P ha(-1)) or fertilizer (50 kg P ha(-1)). Three treatments were sprigged with Tifway and top-dressed with either composted manure (92 or 184 kg P ha(-1)) or fertilizer (100 kg P ha(-1)). The control was established bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. Guymon]. During eight fall rain events, mean TDP concentration in runoff (7.8 mg L(-1)) from sprigged Tifway top-dressed with manure (84 kg P ha(-1)) was 1.6 times greater than sod imported with 129 kg manure P ha(-1). During the first fall event, mass losses of TDP (232 mg m(-2)) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) (317 mg m(-2)) from sprigged treatments top-dressed with manure or fertilizer were nearly three times greater than manure-grown sod. Percentages of manure P lost as TDP in runoff from imported sod were 33% of percentages lost from sprigged treatments top-dressed with manure. Sod grown with manure P rates of 190 kg P ha(-1) can be imported without increasing runoff losses of TDP compared with conventional fertilization of establishing turfgrass.
通过输出用粪肥种植的草皮以及将堆肥粪肥用于其他流域的草坪生产，可以减少受损流域的养分负荷。通过监测总溶解磷（TDP）和氮浓度以及新建草坪径流中的损失，评估了草皮和粪肥输出对接纳流域的影响。在Booneville土壤（壤质骨架、混合型、超活性厚层黏化湿润老成土）8.5%的坡面上设置了7种处理的3次重复。三种处理包括用堆肥奶牛粪肥（382或191千克磷公顷⁻¹）或化肥（50千克磷公顷⁻¹）种植的进口“Tifway”狗牙根[狗牙根（L.）Pers.×南非狗牙根Burtt - Davy]草皮。三种处理用Tifway草茎繁殖，并用堆肥粪肥（92或184千克磷公顷⁻¹）或化肥（100千克磷公顷⁻¹）进行追肥。对照是已有的狗牙根[狗牙根（L.）Pers.变种Guymon]。在8次秋季降雨事件中，用84千克磷公顷⁻¹粪肥追肥的草茎繁殖Tifway径流中的平均TDP浓度（7.8毫克升⁻¹）是进口129千克粪肥磷公顷⁻¹草皮的1.6倍。在第一次秋季降雨事件中，用粪肥或化肥追肥的草茎繁殖处理的TDP质量损失（232毫克米⁻²）和凯氏氮总量（TKN）（317毫克米⁻²）几乎是用粪肥种植草皮的三倍。进口草皮径流中以TDP形式损失的粪肥磷百分比是用粪肥追肥的草茎繁殖处理损失百分比的33%。与新建草坪草常规施肥相比，输入190千克磷公顷⁻¹粪肥磷种植的草皮不会增加TDP的径流损失。
