Soil and Crop Sciences Department, 2474 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2474, USA.
Bioresour Technol. 2010 May;101(9):3246-52. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.063. Epub 2010 Jan 6.
Large, volume-based rates of composted biosolids (CB) enhance turfgrass establishment and soil properties, but nonpoint-source runoff losses could occur during production and after transplanting of sod. The objective was to evaluate runoff losses of N, P, sediment, and organic C during establishment of sprigs or transplanted sod of Tifway bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. X C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davey) with and without CB and aluminum sulfate (Alum). Four treatments comprised Tifway sprigged in a sandy loam soil with and without incorporation of 0.25 m(3) CB m(-3) soil and Alum. In four additional treatments, sod transplanted from Tifway grown with and without CB was established with and without a surface spray of Alum. During early establishment, CB incorporated in soil before sprigging reduced runoff loss of sediment and total N to amounts comparable to transplanted sod. In contrast, mean runoff losses of total dissolved P and soluble-reactive P (SRP) were more than 50% greater for CB-amended sod than for fertilizer-grown sod or Tifway sprigged in soil with or without CB. Yet, the surface spray of Alum reduced runoff loss from sod more than 88% for SRP and 41% for dissolved organic C. Both surface sprays and incorporation of Alum effectively reduced SRP runoff loss from CB, soil, and turfgrass sources during turfgrass establishment.
大量基于体积的堆肥生物固体（CB）可促进草坪草的建立和土壤特性，但在草皮生产和移植后可能会发生非点源径流损失。本研究旨在评估在有和没有 CB 和硫酸铝（Alum）的情况下，Tifway 百慕大草（Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. X C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davey）的插条或移植草皮建立过程中氮、磷、泥沙和有机碳的径流损失。四个处理组包括在沙壤土中种植的 Tifway 插条，以及是否掺入 0.25 m³ CB m⁻³土壤和 Alum。在另外四个处理组中，从 Tifway 移植的草皮在有和没有 Alum 表面喷雾的情况下建立。在早期建立期间，在插条之前掺入土壤中的 CB 可减少泥沙和总氮的径流损失，使其达到与移植草皮相当的水平。相比之下，添加 CB 的草皮的总溶解磷和可溶性反应磷（SRP）的平均径流损失比肥料生长的草皮或土壤中添加 CB 的 Tifway 插条高出 50%以上。然而，Alum 的表面喷雾可使 SRP 和溶解有机碳的草皮径流损失分别减少 88%和 41%以上。表面喷雾和 Alum 的掺入均可有效减少草皮、土壤和草坪草源在草坪建立过程中的 SRP 径流损失。
