Mayura K, Smith E E, Clement B A, Phillips T D
Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1991 Apr;108(2):253-66. doi: 10.1016/0041-008x(91)90116-v.
Chlorinated phenols (CPs) represent a major component of hazardous oily and wood-preserving wastes that are widely distributed in chemical dumpsites throughout the United States. Pentachlorophenol (C5P) has been reported to be highly embryolethal and embryotoxic in rats. However, data pertaining to the developmental toxicities of other important CPs are limited. In this study, the toxicities of phenol, CP homologues and their isomers, selected phenyl acetates, anisoles, sodium phenates, and tetrachlorobenzoquinones (a total of 38 chemicals) were evaluated using cultures of Hydra attenuata (HA). Developmental hazard index (A/D ratio) was determined for selected test chemicals (i.e., those chemicals which resulted in an early toxic endpoint at the lowest whole-log concentration in the adult hydra assay). These same chemicals were evaluated at equimolar concentration in postimplantation rat whole embryo culture (WEC). HA and WEC studies demonstrated a linear relationship between toxicity and the degree of chlorine substitution with C5P greater than 2,3,4,5-C4P greater than 2,3,5-C3P greater than 3,5-C2P greater than 4-CP greater than phenol. The A/D ratios from the HA assay were approximately 1 for all of the chemicals tested. Findings from the WEC assay indicated similar results based on growth, gross morphology, and DNA and protein content of embryos. The results obtained in the HA and WEC assays suggest that the chlorinated phenols are not potent teratogens. The combination of HA and WEC may facilitate the rapid detection and ranking of hazardous chemicals associated with complex mixtures of chemical wastes.
氯酚（CPs）是危险油性和木材防腐废物的主要成分，这些废物广泛分布于美国各地的化学垃圾场。据报道，五氯苯酚（C5P）对大鼠具有高度胚胎致死性和胚胎毒性。然而，关于其他重要氯酚发育毒性的数据有限。在本研究中，使用细螅（HA）培养物评估了苯酚、氯酚同系物及其异构体、选定的苯乙酸酯、苯甲醚、苯酚钠和四氯苯醌（共38种化学品）的毒性。确定了选定测试化学品（即在成年水螅试验中以最低全对数浓度导致早期毒性终点的那些化学品）的发育危害指数（A/D比）。在植入后大鼠全胚胎培养（WEC）中以等摩尔浓度评估这些相同的化学品。HA和WEC研究表明，毒性与氯取代程度之间存在线性关系，C5P大于2,3,4,5-C4P大于2,3,5-C3P大于3,5-C2P大于4-CP大于苯酚。HA试验中所有测试化学品的A/D比约为1。WEC试验的结果表明，基于胚胎的生长、大体形态以及DNA和蛋白质含量，结果相似。HA和WEC试验获得的结果表明，氯酚不是强效致畸剂。HA和WEC的结合可能有助于快速检测和排列与化学废物复杂混合物相关的危险化学品。
