Dryden Michael Wayne
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Vet Dermatol. 2009 Oct;20(5-6):435-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00838.x.
Historically, veterinarians have told their clients that one flea is all that is necessary to produce and maintain the clinical signs of flea allergy dermatitis (FAD). Newer adulticides, such as fipronil, imidacloprid, nitenpyram and selamectin, have had a positive clinical effect on dogs and cats with FAD. However, data on flea feeding and the effect of these products on flea feeding bring into question the once perceived dogma of the single flea bite concept. Current data would indicate that the primary role of these insecticides in managing FAD is in rapidly reducing flea numbers and reducing flea feeding rather than preventing flea bites. Controlling tick infestations is important not only because ticks are nuisance parasites of dogs and cats, but also because they are vectors of a variety of bacterial and protozoal diseases. Achieving satisfactory tick control is often difficult due to unrealistic expectations of pet owners, to residual acaricidal properties of products that are often less than 100% and because of constant re-infestation pressure. Some of the most important factors veterinarians must be aware of are regional changes in tick distributions, our inability to control wildlife tick hosts and expectation differences between flea and tick control. These factors probably cause most real and perceived product failures.
从历史上看，兽医一直告知客户，只需一只跳蚤就能引发并维持跳蚤过敏性皮炎（FAD）的临床症状。新型杀虫剂，如氟虫腈、吡虫啉、硝虫硫磷和塞拉菌素，对患有FAD的犬猫产生了积极的临床效果。然而，关于跳蚤叮咬以及这些产品对跳蚤叮咬影响的数据，使单一跳蚤叮咬概念这一曾经被视为定论的观点受到质疑。目前的数据表明，这些杀虫剂在管理FAD方面的主要作用是迅速减少跳蚤数量并减少跳蚤叮咬，而非防止跳蚤叮咬。控制蜱虫感染很重要，不仅因为蜱虫是犬猫身上令人讨厌的寄生虫，还因为它们是多种细菌和原生动物疾病的传播媒介。由于宠物主人的期望不切实际、产品的残留杀螨特性往往低于100%以及持续的再感染压力，要实现令人满意的蜱虫控制通常很困难。兽医必须了解的一些最重要因素包括蜱虫分布的区域变化、我们无法控制野生动物蜱虫宿主以及跳蚤和蜱虫控制之间的期望差异。这些因素可能导致大多数实际的和感知到的产品失效情况。
