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肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌鼻腔定植的生态学:竞争的作用及与宿主免疫反应的相互关系。

The ecology of nasal colonization of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus: the role of competition and interactions with host's immune response.

机构信息

Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

出版信息

BMC Microbiol. 2010 Feb 23;10:59. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-59.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The first step in invasive disease caused by the normally commensal bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae is their colonization of the nasal passages. For any population to colonize a new habitat it is necessary for it to be able to compete with the existing organisms and evade predation. In the case of colonization of these species the competition is between strains of the same and different species of bacteria and the predation is mediated by the host's immune response. Here, we use a neonatal rat model to explore these elements of the ecology of nasal colonization by these occasionally invasive bacteria.

RESULTS

When neonatal rats are colonized by any one of these species the density of bacteria in the nasal passage rapidly reaches a steady-state density that is species-specific but independent of inoculum size. When novel populations of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae are introduced into the nasal passages of neonatal rats with established populations of the same species, residents and invaders coexisted. However, this was not the case for S. aureus - the established population inhibited invasion of new S. aureus populations. In mixed-species introductions, S. aureus or S. pneumoniae facilitated the invasion of another H. influenzae population; for other pairs the interaction was antagonistic and immune-mediated. For example, under some conditions H. influenzae promoted an immune response which limited the invasion of S. pneumoniae.

CONCLUSIONS

Nasal colonization is a dynamic process with turnover of new strains and new species. These results suggest that multiple strains of either H. influenzae or S. pneumoniae can coexist; in contrast, S. aureus strains require a host to have no other S. aureus present to colonize. Levels of colonization (and hence the possible risk of invasive disease) by H. influenzae are increased in hosts pre-colonized with either S. aureus or S. pneumoniae.

摘要

背景

正常共生菌肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和流感嗜血杆菌引起侵袭性疾病的第一步是它们在鼻腔内定植。任何种群要在新栖息地定殖,就必须能够与现有生物竞争并逃避捕食。在这些物种的定殖中,竞争是同一物种和不同物种的菌株之间的竞争,而捕食则是由宿主的免疫反应介导的。在这里,我们使用新生大鼠模型来探索这些偶尔具有侵袭性的细菌在鼻腔定殖的生态要素。

结果

当新生大鼠被这些物种中的任何一种定植时,鼻腔内细菌的密度迅速达到特定于物种但与接种物大小无关的稳定状态密度。当新的流感嗜血杆菌和肺炎链球菌种群被引入到已经存在相同物种的新生大鼠鼻腔中时,居民和入侵者共存。然而,对于金黄色葡萄球菌来说并非如此——已建立的种群抑制了新的金黄色葡萄球菌种群的入侵。在混合物种引入中,金黄色葡萄球菌或肺炎链球菌促进了另一种流感嗜血杆菌种群的入侵;对于其他配对,相互作用是拮抗和免疫介导的。例如,在某些条件下,流感嗜血杆菌促进了一种免疫反应,限制了肺炎链球菌的入侵。

结论

鼻腔定植是一个动态过程,会有新菌株和新物种的更替。这些结果表明,无论是流感嗜血杆菌还是肺炎链球菌,都可以有多个菌株共存;相比之下,金黄色葡萄球菌菌株需要宿主没有其他金黄色葡萄球菌存在才能定植。流感嗜血杆菌的定植水平(因此侵袭性疾病的潜在风险)在已经定植金黄色葡萄球菌或肺炎链球菌的宿主中增加。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fa89/2844402/efba669514dc/1471-2180-10-59-1.jpg

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