Galvan Adriana
Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2010 Feb 12;4:6. doi: 10.3389/neuro.09.006.2010. eCollection 2010.
Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by increased reward-seeking behavior. Investigators have used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in conjunction with reward paradigms to test two opposing hypotheses about adolescent developmental changes in the striatum, a region implicated in reward processing. One hypothesis posits that the striatum is relatively hypo-responsive to rewards during adolescence, such that heightened reward-seeking behavior is necessary to achieve the same activation as adults. Another view suggests that during adolescence the striatal reward system is hyper-responsive, which subsequently results in greater reward-seeking. While evidence for both hypotheses has been reported, the field has generally converged on this latter hypothesis based on compelling evidence. In this review, I describe the evidence to support this notion, speculate on the disparate fMRI findings and conclude with future areas of inquiry to this fascinating question.
青春期是一个以寻求奖励行为增加为特征的发育阶段。研究人员使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）结合奖励范式，来检验关于青少年纹状体发育变化的两种相反假设，纹状体是一个与奖励处理有关的区域。一种假设认为，青春期期间纹状体对奖励的反应相对不足，以至于需要增强寻求奖励的行为才能达到与成年人相同的激活水平。另一种观点认为，在青春期，纹状体奖励系统反应过度，这随后导致更多的寻求奖励行为。虽然两种假设的证据都有报道，但基于令人信服的证据，该领域普遍倾向于后一种假设。在这篇综述中，我描述了支持这一观点的证据，推测了功能磁共振成像结果的差异，并以这个有趣问题未来的研究方向作为结论。
