Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-7517, USA.
J Nutr. 2010 Apr;140(4):817-22. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.118539. Epub 2010 Feb 24.
Our objective in this study was to estimate calcium intakes from food, water, dietary supplements, and antacids for U.S. citizens aged >or=1 y using NHANES 2003-2006 data and the Dietary Reference Intake panel age groupings. Similar estimates were calculated for vitamin D intake from food and dietary supplements using NHANES 2005-2006. Diet was assessed with 2 24-h recalls; dietary supplement and antacid use were determined by questionnaire. The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate usual nutrient intake from dietary sources. The mean daily nutrient intake from supplemental sources was added to the adjusted dietary intake estimates to produce total usual nutrient intakes for calcium and vitamin D. A total of 53% of the U.S. population reported using any dietary supplement (2003-2006), 43% used calcium (2003-2006), and 37% used vitamin D (2005-2006). For users, dietary supplements provided the adequate intake (AI) recommendation for calcium intake for approximately 12% of those >or=71 y. Males and females aged 1-3 y had the highest prevalence of meeting the AI from dietary and total calcium intakes. For total vitamin D intake, males and females >or=71, and females 14-18 y had the lowest prevalence of meeting the AI. Dietary supplement use is associated with higher prevalence of groups meeting the AI for calcium and vitamin D. Monitoring usual total nutrient intake is necessary to adequately characterize and evaluate the population's nutritional status and adherence to recommendations for nutrient intake.
我们的研究目的是根据 NHANES 2003-2006 年的数据和膳食参考摄入量小组分组，估算美国年龄大于或等于 1 岁的公民从食物、水、膳食补充剂和抗酸剂中摄入的钙量。使用 NHANES 2005-2006 年的数据，还估算了从食物和膳食补充剂中摄入的维生素 D 量。通过 2 次 24 小时回顾来评估饮食情况；通过问卷来确定膳食补充剂和抗酸剂的使用情况。使用国家癌症研究所的方法来估算从膳食来源中获得的营养素的通常摄入量。将补充来源的每日平均营养素摄入量添加到调整后的膳食摄入量估算中，以获得钙和维生素 D 的总通常营养素摄入量。2003-2006 年，共有 53%的美国人口报告使用了任何膳食补充剂，43%的人补充了钙（2003-2006 年），37%的人补充了维生素 D（2005-2006 年）。对于使用者来说，膳食补充剂为大约 12%年龄大于或等于 71 岁的人提供了钙摄入的适宜摄入量（AI）建议。1-3 岁的男性和女性从膳食和总钙摄入量中获得 AI 的比例最高。对于总维生素 D 摄入量，年龄大于或等于 71 岁的男性和女性以及 14-18 岁的女性获得 AI 的比例最低。膳食补充剂的使用与更高比例的人群达到钙和维生素 D 的 AI 相关。监测通常的总营养素摄入量对于充分描述和评估人群的营养状况以及对营养素摄入量的建议的依从性是必要的。
