Regional Centre of Nutrition, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;20(3):795-801. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-1418.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive and memory deterioration, with an increasing prevalence in the industrialized countries and an extraordinary cost of caring for patients. Due to the limited information available on the exact pathophysiology of the disease, over the last years there have been extensive efforts on the identification of possible risk factors, but no conclusive data have been obtained. Some risk factors have been identified but no clear evidence on what is clearly associated with the occurrence and progression of AD are available, and in particular no effective preventive strategies have been found. One of the most intriguing and appealing lines of investigation is the association between lifestyle habits such as diet and dietary compounds and the occurrence of AD. In this review, we focus on studies that investigated the association between nutrition and AD, paying particular attention to the role of a dietary pattern such as a Mediterranean-like diet on the occurrence of such disease. Studies in support of Mediterranean diet as an optimal diet for prevention of cardiovascular and major chronic diseases has rapidly evolved. A recent meta-analysis from our group, comprising prospective studies that investigated the association between adherence to Mediterranean diet and health status, showed a significant association between a greater adherence to Mediterranean diet and a reduced risk of major chronic degenerative diseases, including AD. Moreover, the Mediterranean diet has been extensively reported to be associated with a favorable health outcome and a better quality of life.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种进行性和致命的神经退行性疾病，其特征是认知和记忆功能恶化，在工业化国家的发病率不断上升，患者的护理费用极高。由于对疾病的确切病理生理学的了解有限，近年来，人们一直在广泛努力寻找可能的危险因素，但尚未获得确凿的数据。已经确定了一些危险因素，但对于哪些因素明显与 AD 的发生和发展相关，尚无明确证据，也没有发现明确的有效预防策略。最引人入胜和吸引人的研究领域之一是饮食和饮食成分等生活方式习惯与 AD 发生之间的关联。在这篇综述中，我们重点研究了营养与 AD 之间的关联，特别关注类似地中海饮食的饮食模式对这种疾病发生的作用。支持地中海饮食作为预防心血管疾病和主要慢性疾病的最佳饮食的研究迅速发展。我们小组最近的一项荟萃分析包括前瞻性研究，这些研究调查了地中海饮食的依从性与健康状况之间的关联，结果表明，地中海饮食的依从性越高，患主要慢性退行性疾病（包括 AD）的风险越低。此外，地中海饮食已被广泛报道与良好的健康结果和更高的生活质量相关。
