Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Italy.
Biofactors. 2013 Jul-Aug;39(4):335-42. doi: 10.1002/biof.1096. Epub 2013 Mar 29.
Over the last decades, a considerable body of evidence supported the hypothesis that diet and dietary factors play a relevant role in the occurrence of diseases. To date, all the major scientific associations as well as the World Health Organization and the nonscientific organizations place an ever-increasing emphasis on the role of diet in preventing noncommunicable diseases. Many studies have evaluated the associations between food groups, foods, or nutrients and chronic diseases, and a consensus about the role of nutritional factors in the etiology of common diseases, such as cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases, has gradually emerged. Indeed, data from analytical and experimental studies indicated a relation between increased consumption of some food categories such as fruits and vegetables, fiber and whole grains, fish, and moderate consumption of alcohol and reduced risk of major chronic degenerative diseases, whereas increased total caloric intake, body weight, meat, and fats are associated with greater risk. However, the appropriate dietary strategy to prevent chronic degenerative diseases remains a challenging and a highly relevant issue. Recently, Mediterranean diet has been extensively reported to be associated with a favorable health outcome and a better quality of life. In the present review, we encompass the updated evidence of the beneficial effects of Mediterranean diet in the occurrence of major chronic degenerative diseases.
在过去的几十年中，大量证据支持这样一种假设，即饮食和饮食因素在疾病的发生中起着重要作用。迄今为止，所有主要的科学协会以及世界卫生组织和非科学组织都越来越重视饮食在预防非传染性疾病中的作用。许多研究评估了食物组、食物或营养素与慢性疾病之间的关联，并且关于营养因素在心血管和肿瘤等常见疾病病因学中的作用的共识逐渐形成。事实上，来自分析和实验研究的数据表明，某些食物类别的消费增加（如水果和蔬菜、纤维和全谷物、鱼类）以及适量饮酒与主要慢性退行性疾病风险降低之间存在关联，而总热量摄入、体重、肉类和脂肪的增加则与更大的风险相关。然而，预防慢性退行性疾病的适当饮食策略仍然是一个具有挑战性和高度相关的问题。最近，地中海饮食与良好的健康结果和更高的生活质量广泛相关。在本综述中，我们总结了地中海饮食对主要慢性退行性疾病发生的有益影响的最新证据。
