Hubálek Zdenek
Medical Zoology Laboratory, Institute of Vertebrate Biology ASCR, Klásterní 2, 69142 Valtice, Czech Republic.
Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2009;2009:372691. doi: 10.1155/2009/372691. Epub 2010 Feb 16.
Bhanja virus (BHAV) is pathogenic for young domestic ruminants and also for humans, causing fever and affections of the central nervous system. This generally neglected arbovirus of the family Bunyaviridae is transmitted by metastriate ticks of the genera Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus, Boophilus, and Amblyomma. Geographic distribution of BHAV covers southern and Central Asia, Africa, and southern (partially also central) Europe. Comparative biogeographic study of eight known natural foci of BHAV infections in Europe (in Italy, Croatia, Bulgaria, Slovakia) has revealed their common features. (1) submediterranean climatic pattern with dry growing season and wet mild winter (or microlimatically similar conditions, e.g., limestone karst areas in central Europe), (2) xerothermic woodland-grassland ecosystem, with plant alliances Quercetalia pubescentis, Festucetalia valesiacae, and Brometalia erecti, involving pastoral areas, (3) presence of at least one of the tick species Haemaphysalis punctata, Dermacentor marginatus, Rhipicephalus bursa, and/or Hyalomma marginatum, and (4) presence of >/=60% of the 180 BHAV bioindicator (157 plant, 4 ixodid tick, and 19 vertebrate spp.). On that basis, Greece, France (southern, including Corsica), Albania, Spain, Hungary, European Turkey, Ukraine (southern), Switzerland (southern), Austria (southeastern), Germany (southern), Moldova, and European Russia (southern) have been predicted as additional European regions where BHAV might occur.
班贾病毒(BHAV)对幼年家养反刍动物以及人类具有致病性,可引起发热和中枢神经系统病变。这种通常被忽视的布尼亚病毒科虫媒病毒由血蜱属、革蜱属、璃眼蜱属、扇头蜱属、牛蜱属和钝缘蜱属的硬蜱传播。BHAV的地理分布覆盖南亚和中亚、非洲以及欧洲南部(部分中部地区)。对欧洲已知的八个BHAV感染自然疫源地(意大利、克罗地亚、保加利亚、斯洛伐克)进行的比较生物地理学研究揭示了它们的共同特征。(1)具有干燥生长季节和温和湿润冬季的亚热带气候模式(或微气候相似条件,如中欧的石灰岩喀斯特地区),(2)干热林地 - 草原生态系统,伴有柔毛栎群落、瓦莱西亚羊茅群落和直立雀麦群落的植物联盟,涉及牧区,(3)存在至少一种以下蜱种:微小牛蜱、边缘革蜱、柏氏扇头蜱和/或边缘璃眼蜱,以及(4)在180种BHAV生物指示物种(157种植物、4种硬蜱和19种脊椎动物物种)中存在≥60%。在此基础上,希腊、法国(南部,包括科西嘉岛)、阿尔巴尼亚、西班牙、匈牙利、欧洲土耳其、乌克兰(南部)、瑞士(南部)、奥地利(东南部)、德国(南部)、摩尔多瓦和欧洲俄罗斯(南部)被预测为欧洲可能出现BHAV的其他地区。