Department of Entomology, Personal Chemical Exposure Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2009 Aug;44(6):538-45. doi: 10.1080/03601230902997733.
The magnitude and distribution of cypermethrin from total release, over-the-counter foggers was studied in a test room and in residences to facilitate evaluation of regulatory exposure algorithms and new human exposure assessments based upon urine biomonitoring. Surface residue (SR) was evenly distributed in a small test room (3.6 mciro g cypermethrin/cm(2)) where thorough mixing of the aerosol occurred. In a residence SR was significantly affected by room size and distance from the fogger. Air levels in the residence were as high as 30 mciro g cypermethrin/cm(3) after 4.5 h. The availability of surface residues was measured with an automated surface cotton cloth wipe and ethyl acetate extraction. Only 5% of the SR was available from nylon carpet. Tile, wood and linoleum resulted in 30, 10, and 10% of SR being available, respectively. These data are used to estimate cypermethrin exposure of children and adults for comparison with existing regulatory reference dosages and exposure assessments based upon biomonitoring.
为了便于评估监管暴露算法和基于尿液生物监测的新人类暴露评估，本研究在测试室和住宅中对拟除虫菊酯的总释放量和非处方喷雾剂的分布情况进行了研究。表面残留物（SR）在一个小测试室（3.6 微克拟除虫菊酯/平方厘米）中均匀分布，其中气溶胶得到了充分混合。在住宅中，SR 受到房间大小和与喷雾器距离的显著影响。在 4.5 小时后，住宅中的空气水平高达 30 微克拟除虫菊酯/平方厘米。采用自动表面棉抹布擦拭和乙酸乙酯提取法来测量表面残留物的可用性。只有 5%的 SR 可从尼龙地毯上获得。瓷砖、木材和油毡的 SR 利用率分别为 30%、10%和 10%。这些数据用于估计儿童和成人接触拟除虫菊酯的情况，以便与现有的监管参考剂量和基于生物监测的暴露评估进行比较。
