Leng Gabriele, Ranft Ulrich, Sugiri Dorothee, Hadnagy Wolfgang, Berger-Preiss Edith, Idel Helga
Institute of Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2003 Mar;206(2):85-92. doi: 10.1078/1438-4639-00199.
A prospective epidemiological study with respect to pyrethroid exposure was carried out combining clinical examination, indoor monitoring and biological monitoring. The results of the biological monitoring are presented. Biological monitoring was performed in 57 persons before (T1) as well as 1 day (T2), 3 days (T3), 4-6 months (T4), and 10-12 months (T5) following a pest control operation (PCO) with pyrethroid containing products such as cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin or permethrin. Pyrethroids in blood were measured by GC-ECD. The respective metabolities cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (DCCA), cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (DBCA), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and fluorophenoxybenzoic acid (FPBA) were measured in urine using GC/MS. For all cases the concentrations of pyrethroids in blood were found to be below the detection limit of 5 micrograms/l before and after the PCO. With a detection limit of 0.2 microgram/l of the investigated metabolites, the percentage of positive samples were 7% for cis-DCCA, 3.5% for trans-DCCA and 5.3% for 3-PBA before PCO. One day after PCO (T2) the percentage of positive samples increased remarkably for cis-DCCA (21.5%), trans-DCCA (32.1%) and 3-PBA (25%) showing significantly increased internal doses as compared to pre-existing values. This holds also true for T3, whereas at T4 and T5 the significant increase was no more present. FPBA and DBCA concentrations were below the respective detection limit before PCO and also in most cases after PCO. In 72% of the subjects the route of pyrethroid uptake (measured by determining the DCCA isomeric ratio) was oral/inhalative and in 28% it was dermal. Based on the biological monitoring data it could be shown that appropriately performed pest control operations lead to a significant increase of pyrethroid metabolite concentration in the early phase (1 and 3 days) after pyrethroid application as compared to the pre-exposure values. However, evaluated metabolite concentrations 4-6 months after PCO did not exceed values of published background levels.
开展了一项关于拟除虫菊酯暴露的前瞻性流行病学研究，结合了临床检查、室内监测和生物监测。现将生物监测结果呈现如下。对57人在使用含氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯或氯菊酯等拟除虫菊酯产品进行害虫防治操作（PCO）之前（T1）以及之后1天（T2）、3天（T3）、4 - 6个月（T4）和10 - 12个月（T5）进行了生物监测。采用气相色谱 - 电子捕获检测器（GC - ECD）测定血液中的拟除虫菊酯。使用气相色谱/质谱联用仪（GC/MS）测定尿液中相应的代谢物顺式和反式3 - （2,2 - 二氯乙烯基） - 2,2 - 二甲基环丙烷羧酸（DCCA）、顺式3 - （2,2 - 二溴乙烯基） - 2,2 - 二甲基环丙烷羧酸（DBCA）、3 - 苯氧基苯甲酸（3 - PBA）和氟苯氧基苯甲酸（FPBA）。在所有病例中，发现血液中拟除虫菊酯的浓度在PCO前后均低于5微克/升的检测限。在所研究的代谢物检测限为0.2微克/升的情况下，PCO前顺式 - DCCA的阳性样本百分比为7%，反式 - DCCA为3.5%，3 - PBA为5.3%。PCO后1天（T2），顺式 - DCCA（21.5%）、反式 - DCCA（32.1%）和3 - PBA（25%）的阳性样本百分比显著增加，表明与先前存在的值相比，体内剂量显著增加。T3时情况也是如此，而在T4和T5时不再有显著增加。PCO前以及大多数PCO后的情况下，FPBA和DBCA的浓度均低于各自的检测限。在72%的受试者中，拟除虫菊酯的摄取途径（通过测定DCCA异构体比例来衡量）为口服/吸入，28%为经皮。基于生物监测数据可以表明，与暴露前值相比，适当进行的害虫防治操作会导致拟除虫菊酯应用后早期阶段（1天和3天）拟除虫菊酯代谢物浓度显著增加。然而，PCO后4 - 6个月评估的代谢物浓度未超过已发表的背景水平值。
