Eadie M J
Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
J Hist Neurosci. 2009 Jul;18(3):262-82. doi: 10.1080/09647040802025136.
In the 1860s John Hughlings Jackson (1835-1911) reasoned on theoretical grounds that voluntary movements probably were represented in the human cerebral cortex. He then studied the clinical phenomenologies and pathological associations of human focal motor epileptic seizures, post-epileptic hemiplegia and aphasia, and also chorea. From these various lines of evidence he concluded by 1870 that voluntary movement of the face and upper limb on the opposite side were represented in a localized area of the human cerebral cortex overlying the corpus striatum. He recognized this shortly before the physiologists demonstrated such cortical localization of function in experimental animals. Over the following three decades, Jackson analyzed the spread of focal motor epileptic seizure activity, and the phenomenology of other types of epileptic seizure in humans, and related this knowledge to the sites of the brain pathology that appeared responsible for these events. This enabled him to locate cerebral cortical sites for the representation of foot movement, consciousness, and various aspects of special sensory function, as well as for certain psychic phenomena that arose from temporal lobe paroxysmal disturbance.
在19世纪60年代，约翰·休林斯·杰克逊（1835 - 1911）基于理论推断，认为随意运动可能在人类大脑皮层中有表征。随后，他研究了人类局灶性运动性癫痫发作、癫痫后偏瘫和失语以及舞蹈病的临床现象学和病理关联。从这些不同的证据线索中，他在1870年得出结论，对侧面部和上肢的随意运动在覆盖纹状体的人类大脑皮层的一个局部区域中有表征。他在生理学家在实验动物中证明这种皮层功能定位之前不久就认识到了这一点。在接下来的三十年里，杰克逊分析了局灶性运动性癫痫发作活动的传播以及人类其他类型癫痫发作的现象学，并将这些知识与似乎导致这些事件的脑部病理部位联系起来。这使他能够确定大脑皮层中代表足部运动、意识、特殊感觉功能的各个方面以及颞叶阵发性紊乱引起的某些精神现象的部位。
