Harikrishnan Ramasamy, Balasundaram Chellam, Heo Moon-Soo
Marine Applied Microbes & Aquatic Organism Disease Control Lab, Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedicals Sciences, College of Ocean Science & Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 690 756, South Korea.
Dis Aquat Organ. 2009 Dec 22;88(1):45-54. doi: 10.3354/dao02143.
We report the effect of various chemicals, vaccines and immunostimulants on innate immune mechanisms such as phagocytosis activity, superoxide anion production of blood leukocytes, complement activity and plasma lysozyme activity and disease resistance in goldfish Carassius auratus (23 +/- 2 g) against Aeromonas hydrophila on Days 15 and 30 post-infection. In infected fish, the administration of diets supplemented with either probiotics, tri-herbal extract or azadirachtin for 30 d significantly enhanced phagocytic activity; administration for 15 d had no effect. In fish treated with heat-killed and formalin-killed vaccines, and probiotics-, tri-herbal- and azadirachtin-supplemented diets, superoxide anion production was enhanced on Day 30. However, there was no superoxide anion production in fish treated with tetracycline, furanace, formalin or hydrogen peroxide. Complement activity was also significantly enhanced on Days 15 and 30 in fish groups treated with vaccine and probiotics-, tri-herbal- and azadirachtin-supplemented diets. Other groups had no complement activity. Lysozyme activity was significantly enhanced after 30 d in fish treated with heat-killed vaccine and probiotics-, tri-herbal- and azadirachtin-supplemented diets. The probiotics- and tri-herbal-containing diet administration groups had no mortality (0%) preceding the challenge with live A. hydrophila. Groups treated with heat- or formalin-killed vaccines or azadirachtin-supplemented diet suffered mortalities of 30, 35 and 10%, respectively, which represents an improvement of survival rate compared to untreated infected control groups. We conclude that probiotics-, tri-herbal- and azadirachtin-supplemented diets act as immunostimulants enhancing the goldfish innate immune response and disease resistance against A. hydrophila.
我们报告了各种化学物质、疫苗和免疫刺激剂对金鱼（23±2克）先天免疫机制的影响，这些机制包括吞噬活性、血液白细胞超氧阴离子生成、补体活性和血浆溶菌酶活性，以及在感染嗜水气单胞菌后第15天和第30天对疾病的抵抗力。在感染的鱼中，补充益生菌、三草药提取物或印楝素的饲料投喂30天可显著增强吞噬活性；投喂15天则无效果。在用热灭活和福尔马林灭活疫苗以及补充益生菌、三草药和印楝素的饲料处理的鱼中，第30天超氧阴离子生成增加。然而，用四环素、呋喃西林、福尔马林或过氧化氢处理的鱼中没有超氧阴离子生成。在用疫苗以及补充益生菌、三草药和印楝素的饲料处理的鱼群中，第15天和第30天补体活性也显著增强。其他组没有补体活性。在用热灭活疫苗以及补充益生菌、三草药和印楝素的饲料处理的鱼中，30天后溶菌酶活性显著增强。在嗜水气单胞菌活菌攻击前，补充益生菌和三草药的饲料投喂组没有死亡率（0%）。用热灭活或福尔马林灭活疫苗或补充印楝素的饲料处理的组死亡率分别为30%、35%和10%，与未处理的感染对照组相比，存活率有所提高。我们得出结论，补充益生菌、三草药和印楝素的饲料可作为免疫刺激剂，增强金鱼对嗜水气单胞菌的先天免疫反应和抗病能力。
