Arbogast Kristy B, Jermakian Jessica S, Ghati Yoganand
Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
Ann Adv Automot Med. 2009 Oct;53:209-19.
Previous studies have demonstrated that booster seats reduce the risk of abdominal injuries by improving the fit of the seat belt on young children and encouraging better posture and compatibility with the vehicle seat. Recently, several studies have reported cases of abdominal injuries in booster seated children questioning the protective effects of these restraints. The objective of this study was to examine cases of abdominal injuries in booster seated children through parametric modeling to gain a thorough understanding of the injury causation scenarios. The Partners for Child Passenger Safety and CIREN in-depth crash investigation databases were queried to identify children in belt-positioning booster seats with abdominal injuries. The injury causation scenarios for these injuries were delineated using the CIREN Biotab method. The cases were modeled, using MADYMO with variations in key parameters, to determine the ranges of loads and loading rates for the abdomen and thorax. A parametric study was completed examining the influence of pretensioners and load limiters on the injury metrics obtained. Query of the two databases revealed three cases involving abdominal injuries to booster seated children. Children in two of the cases sustained a thoracic injury (AIS 3/AIS 4) in addition to their abdominal injuries (AIS 2) and review of these cases pointed to the role of shoulder belt loading in the injury causation. Modeling of these cases revealed chest compressions and accelerations of 30-53 mm and 41-89 g, respectively and abdominal deflection and velocity of 7.0-13.3 mm and 1.2-2.2 m/s, respectively. Parametric study suggested that coupling shoulder belt load limiting and lap belt buckle pretensioning resulted in improved chest and abdominal metrics while reducing head excursion, indicating that these technologies may provide injury reduction potential to pediatric rear seat occupants.
先前的研究表明，增高座椅通过改善安全带与幼儿的贴合度、促使更好的坐姿以及与车辆座椅的适配性，降低了腹部受伤的风险。最近，几项研究报告了乘坐增高座椅的儿童发生腹部损伤的案例，对这些约束装置的保护效果提出了质疑。本研究的目的是通过参数建模检查乘坐增高座椅的儿童腹部损伤案例，以全面了解损伤因果情况。查询儿童乘客安全伙伴组织和CIREN深入碰撞调查数据库，以识别乘坐带定位增高座椅且有腹部损伤的儿童。使用CIREN生物标签方法描绘这些损伤的因果情况。使用MADYMO对案例进行建模，并改变关键参数，以确定腹部和胸部的载荷及加载速率范围。完成了一项参数研究，检查预紧器和限力器对所获得损伤指标的影响。对这两个数据库的查询揭示了3例乘坐增高座椅儿童腹部损伤的案例。其中2例儿童除腹部损伤（AIS 2）外还遭受了胸部损伤（AIS 3/AIS 4），对这些案例的审查指出肩带加载在损伤因果关系中的作用。对这些案例的建模显示胸部压缩和加速度分别为30 - 53毫米和41 - 89克，腹部位移和速度分别为7.0 - 13.3毫米和1.2 - 2.2米/秒。参数研究表明，将肩带限力与腰部安全带扣预紧相结合，可改善胸部和腹部指标，同时减少头部偏移，这表明这些技术可能为儿科后排乘客提供降低损伤的潜力。
