Ghati Yoganand, Menon Rajiv A, Milone Mary, Lankarani Hamid, Oliveres Gerardo
The Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Ann Adv Automot Med. 2009 Oct;53:221-35.
Protection of children in Child Safety Seats (CSS) in side impact crashes has been a topic of recent studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of CSS in far-side impacts through a series of sled tests conducted at varying test speeds. Forty eight sled tests were conducted at three speeds (24 km/h, 29 km/h and 36 km/h), under two different CSS attachment conditions (LATCH and seat belt attached), using rear facing and forward facing CSS from four different manufacturers. Analyses were conducted to examine head retention within the CSS, velocity of the head as it passes an imaginary plane (cross over into other occupant space or door), lateral trajectory of the head and knee; head, chest and pelvis accelerations; neck and lumbar loads and moments. In addition to these parameters, the CSS were visually inspected for structural integrity after each test. Results from these sled tests highlighted the differential performance of CSS in far-side impacts. During the tests, all CSS experienced significant lateral movement irrespective of attachment type. In rear facing CSS tests, one of the designs failed as the seat disengaged from its base. In forward facing CSS tests, it was observed that the seat belt attached CSS experienced less rotational motion than the LATCH attached CSS. ATD head retention within the seat was not achieved with either CSS attachments at any speed. The findings from this study augment the current efforts to define regulatory sled setup procedure for far-side impact crashes involving children in CSS, which currently does not exist and will eventually further the protection of children in automobiles.
儿童安全座椅（CSS）在侧面碰撞事故中对儿童的保护一直是近期研究的主题。本研究的目的是通过在不同测试速度下进行的一系列雪橇试验，评估CSS在远侧碰撞中的性能。在三种速度（24公里/小时、29公里/小时和36公里/小时）下，在两种不同的CSS固定条件（使用低锚定和安全带固定）下，使用来自四个不同制造商的后向和前向CSS进行了48次雪橇试验。进行分析以检查头部在CSS内的固定情况、头部经过假想平面（进入其他乘员空间或车门）时的速度、头部和膝盖的横向轨迹；头部、胸部和骨盆的加速度；颈部和腰部的负荷和力矩。除了这些参数外，每次试验后还对CSS的结构完整性进行了目视检查。这些雪橇试验的结果突出了CSS在远侧碰撞中的不同性能。在试验过程中，所有CSS无论固定类型如何都经历了显著的横向移动。在后向CSS试验中，其中一种设计失败，因为座椅与其底座分离。在前向CSS试验中，观察到使用安全带固定的CSS比使用低锚定固定的CSS旋转运动更少。在任何速度下，两种CSS固定方式都无法实现假人头部在座椅内的固定。本研究的结果加强了目前为涉及坐在CSS中的儿童的远侧碰撞事故定义监管雪橇设置程序的努力，目前该程序尚不存在，最终将进一步加强对汽车中儿童的保护。
