Hauschild Hans W, Humm John R, Yoganandan Narayan
University of Wisconsin - Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
Ann Adv Automot Med. 2013;57:281-96.
Head injuries occur to occupants of rear-facing child restraint systems in side impacts. This study examined the head injury potential of center-seated occupants using sled tests at change in velocities of 35, 29 and 24 km/h. Other parameters included combinations of with and without a simulated door. A twelve-month-old child dummy was used in combination, convertible and infant rear-facing child restraint systems. Head excursions and head injury criteria (HIC) were obtained. In 35 km/h tests without simulated door, head excursions ranged from 568 to 655 mm, exceeding the simulated door intrusion plane. HIC ranged from 87 to 157, below the 390 limit. At this velocity but with the simulated door, HIC ranged from 804 to 1297. Head excursions ranged from 424 to 480 mm. In 29 and 24 km/h tests, the dummy and child restraint system impacted the simulated door. HIC ranged from 275 to 604 and 141 to 314, and head excursions ranged from 388 to 470 mm and 365 to 460 mm, respectively. Far-side belt loads were 2.4-3.2 kN and 1.7-2.3 kN for the 35 km/h tests without and with the simulated door, and 1.5-2.1 kN and 1.0-1.6 kN for 29 and 24 km/h tests with the simulated door. These findings indicate that occupants in the center seating position in smaller/medium-size vehicles may impact an intruding door and sustain head injuries. A need exists for better protection/attachment methods for center positioned rear-facing child restraint systems to reduce the injury potential in side impacts at velocities greater than 29 km/h.
在侧面碰撞中，后向式儿童约束系统中的乘客会发生头部受伤情况。本研究通过雪橇试验，在速度变化为35、29和24公里/小时的情况下，研究了坐在中间位置的乘客的头部受伤可能性。其他参数包括有无模拟车门的组合情况。使用了一个12个月大的儿童假人，搭配组合式、可转换式和婴儿后向式儿童约束系统。获取了头部偏移量和头部损伤标准（HIC）。在速度为35公里/小时且无模拟车门的试验中，头部偏移量在568至655毫米之间，超过了模拟车门侵入平面。HIC在87至157之间，低于390的限值。在这个速度但有模拟车门的情况下，HIC在804至1297之间。头部偏移量在424至480毫米之间。在速度为29和24公里/小时的试验中，假人和儿童约束系统撞击了模拟车门。HIC分别在275至604和141至314之间，头部偏移量分别在388至470毫米和365至460毫米之间。在速度为35公里/小时且无模拟车门和有模拟车门的试验中，远侧安全带负荷分别为2.4 - 3.2千牛和1.7 - 2.3千牛，在速度为29和24公里/小时且有模拟车门的试验中，远侧安全带负荷分别为1.5 - 2.1千牛和1.0 - 1.6千牛。这些研究结果表明，中小型车辆中间座位位置的乘客可能会撞击侵入的车门并遭受头部伤害。需要为中间位置的后向式儿童约束系统提供更好的保护/固定方法，以降低速度大于29公里/小时的侧面碰撞中的受伤可能性。
