Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2010 Nov;76(2):79-98. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2010.01.001. Epub 2010 Feb 25.
Neoplastic stem cells have initially been characterized in myeloid leukemias where NOD/SCID mouse-repopulating progenitors supposedly reside within a CD34+/Lin- subset of the malignant clone. These progenitors are considered to be self-renewing cells responsible for the in vivo long-term growth of neoplastic cells in leukemic patients. Therefore, these cells represent an attractive target of therapy. In some lymphoid leukemias, NOD/SCID mouse-repopulating cells were also reported to reside within the CD34+/Lin- subfraction of the clone. More recently, several attempts have been made to transfer the cancer stem cell concept to solid tumors and other non-hematopoietic neoplasms. In several of these tumors, the cell surface antigens AC133 (CD133) and CD44 are considered to indicate the potential of a cell to initiate permanent tumor formation in vivo. However, several questions concerning the phenotype, self-renewal capacity, stroma-dependence, and other properties of cancer- or leukemia-initiating cells remain to be solved. The current article provides a summary of our current knowledge on neoplastic (cancer) stem cells, with special emphasis on clinical implications and therapeutic options as well as a discussion about conceptual and technical limitations.
肿瘤干细胞最初在髓性白血病中被鉴定出来，在髓性白血病中，NOD/SCID 小鼠重建成体的祖细胞据称存在于恶性克隆的 CD34+/Lin-亚群中。这些祖细胞被认为是自我更新的细胞，负责白血病患者体内肿瘤细胞的体内长期生长。因此，这些细胞代表了治疗的一个有吸引力的靶点。在一些淋巴性白血病中，也有报道称 NOD/SCID 小鼠重建成体的细胞存在于克隆的 CD34+/Lin-亚群中。最近，人们已经尝试将癌症干细胞的概念转移到实体瘤和其他非造血性肿瘤中。在这些肿瘤中的一些中，细胞表面抗原 AC133（CD133）和 CD44 被认为表明了细胞在体内启动永久性肿瘤形成的潜力。然而，关于癌症或白血病起始细胞的表型、自我更新能力、基质依赖性和其他特性的几个问题仍有待解决。本文概述了我们目前对肿瘤（癌症）干细胞的认识，特别强调了临床意义和治疗选择，以及对概念和技术限制的讨论。
