Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Oct;18(10):1926-31. doi: 10.1038/oby.2010.36. Epub 2010 Feb 25.
Eating behavior can be influenced by the rewarding value of food, i.e., "liking" and "wanting." The objective of this study was to assess in normal-weight dietary restrained (NR) vs. unrestrained (NU) eaters how rewarding value of food is affected by satiety, and by eating a nonhealthy perceived, dessert-specific food vs. a healthy perceived, neutral food (chocolate mousse vs. cottage cheese). Subjects (24NR age = 25.0 ± 8.2 years, BMI = 22.3 ± 2.1 kg/m(2); 26NU age = 24.8 ± 8.0 years, BMI = 22.1 ± 1.7 kg/m(2)) came to the university twice, fasted (randomized crossover design). Per test-session "liking" and "wanting" for 72 items divided in six categories (bread, filling, drinks, dessert, sweets, stationery (placebo)) was measured, before and after consumption of chocolate mousse/cottage cheese, matched for energy content (5.6 kJ/g) and individual daily energy requirements (10%). Chocolate mousse was liked more than cottage cheese (P < 0.05). After consumption of chocolate mousse or cottage cheese, appetite and "liking" vs. placebo were decreased in NR and NU (P < 0.03), whereas "wanting" was only decreased in NR vs. NU (P ≤ 0.01). In NR vs. NU "wanting" was specifically decreased after chocolate mousse vs. cottage cheese; this decrease concerned especially "wanting" for bread and filling (P < 0.05). To conclude, despite similar decreases in appetite and "liking" after a meal in NR and NU, NR decrease "wanting" in contrast to NU. NR decrease "wanting" specifically for a nonhealthy perceived, "delicious," dessert-specific food vs. a nutritional identical, yet healthy perceived, slightly less "delicious," "neutral" food. A healthy perceived food may thus impose greater risk for control of energy intake in NR.
饮食行为可受到食物奖赏价值的影响，即“喜欢”和“想要”。本研究的目的是评估正常体重的节食者（NR）和非节食者（NU）在饱腹感和食用不健康感知的甜点特异性食物（巧克力慕斯）与健康感知的中性食物（乳清干酪）时，食物奖赏价值如何受到影响。受试者（24 名 NR 年龄=25.0±8.2 岁，BMI=22.3±2.1kg/m(2)；26 名 NU 年龄=24.8±8.0 岁，BMI=22.1±1.7kg/m(2)）两次空腹来到大学（随机交叉设计）。在消耗巧克力慕斯/乳清干酪前后，分别对 72 种分为六类（面包、馅料、饮料、甜点、糖果、文具（安慰剂））的物品进行“喜欢”和“想要”的测量。巧克力慕斯和乳清干酪的能量含量（5.6kJ/g）和个体日常能量需求（10%）相匹配。与乳清干酪相比，受试者更喜欢巧克力慕斯（P<0.05）。消耗巧克力慕斯或乳清干酪后，NR 和 NU 的食欲和“喜欢”均下降（P<0.03），而“想要”仅在 NR 中下降（P≤0.01）。与乳清干酪相比，NR 消耗巧克力慕斯后“想要”尤其降低了面包和馅料（P<0.05）。总之，尽管 NR 和 NU 餐后食欲和“喜欢”均下降，但 NR 较 NU 更降低“想要”。NR 尤其降低了对不健康感知的“美味”甜点特异性食物的“想要”，而对营养相同但健康感知的略“美味”的“中性”食物则无影响。因此，健康感知的食物可能对 NR 控制能量摄入构成更大风险。
