Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Physiol Behav. 2011 May 3;103(2):157-63. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.01.009. Epub 2011 Jan 15.
Stress may induce eating in the absence of hunger, possibly involving changes in food reward, i.e. 'liking' and 'wanting'. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of acute psychological stress on food reward, and on energy intake, in visceral overweight (VO) vs. normal weight (NW) subjects. Subjects (27 NW, age=26 ± 9 yrs, BMI=22 ± 2 kg/m²; 15 VO, age=36 ± 12 yrs, BMI=28 ± 1 kg/m²) came to the university twice, fasted, for either a rest or stress condition (randomized cross-over design). Per test-session 'liking' and 'wanting' for 72 items divided in six categories (bread, filling, drinks, dessert, snacks, and stationery (control)) were measured twice, each time followed by a wanted meal. Appetite profile (visual analogue scales, VAS), heart rate, mood state and level of anxiety (POMS/STAI questionnaires) were measured. High hunger and low satiety (64 ± 19, 22 ± 20 mmVAS) confirmed the fasted state. Elevated heart rate, anger and confusion scores (p ≤ 0.03) confirmed the stress vs. rest condition. Consumption of the first meal decreased hunger, increased satiety, and decreased ranking of 'liking' of bread vs. increased ranking of 'liking' of the control (p<0.001). 'Wanting' for dessert and snacks, energy intake, carbohydrate and fat intake for the second meal stress vs. rest relatively increased in VO vs. decreased in NW (p<0.02). During stress vs. rest VO showed a 6 ± 9% increase in percentage of daily energy requirements consumed over the two meals (p=0.01). To conclude, visceral overweight subjects showed stress-induced food intake in the absence of hunger, resulting in an increased energy intake.
压力可能会导致人在不饥饿的情况下进食，这可能涉及到食物奖励的变化，即“喜欢”和“想要”。本研究的目的是评估急性心理应激对食物奖励以及内脏超重（VO）与正常体重（NW）受试者能量摄入的影响。受试者（27 名 NW，年龄=26±9 岁，BMI=22±2kg/m²；15 名 VO，年龄=36±12 岁，BMI=28±1kg/m²）两次空腹到大学，分别进行休息或应激条件（随机交叉设计）。在每次测试中，对 72 种物品（面包、馅料、饮料、甜点、零食和文具（对照））进行了两次“喜欢”和“想要”的测量，每次测量后都要吃一顿想要的饭。食欲状况（视觉模拟量表，VAS）、心率、情绪状态和焦虑水平（POMS/STAI 问卷）进行了测量。高饥饿感和低饱腹感（64±19、22±20mmVAS）证实了禁食状态。心率升高、愤怒和困惑得分升高（p≤0.03）证实了应激与休息状态。第一餐的摄入降低了饥饿感，增加了饱腹感，并降低了对面包的“喜欢”评分，增加了对对照的“喜欢”评分（p<0.001）。在 VO 中，与 NW 相比，第二餐的渴望程度、能量摄入、碳水化合物和脂肪摄入相对于甜点和零食的“想要”程度在应激时均有所增加（p<0.02）。在应激时与休息时相比，VO 在两餐中消耗的日常能量需求百分比增加了 6±9%（p=0.01）。总之，内脏超重者在不饥饿的情况下表现出应激诱导的进食行为，导致能量摄入增加。
