Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200MD, The Netherlands.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2010 Jan;34(1):172-81. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2009.221. Epub 2009 Oct 20.
Stress results in eating in the absence of hunger, possibly related to food reward perception.
Stress decreases food reward perception.
Determine the effect of acute stress on food choice and food choice reward-related brain activity.
Nine females (BMI = 21.5 + or - 2.2 kg/m(2), age = 24.3 + or - 3.5 years).
Fasted subjects came twice to randomly complete either a rest or stress condition. Per session, two functional MRI scans were made, wherein the subjects chose the subsequent meal (food images). The rewarding value of the food was measured as liking and wanting. Food characteristics (for example, crispiness, fullness of taste and so on), energy intake, amount of each macronutrient chosen, plasma cortisol and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) hunger and satiety were measured.
Fasted state was confirmed by high hunger (80 + or - 5 mm VAS). Breakfast energy intake (3 + or - 1 MJ) and liking were similar in all conditions. Wanting was lower postprandially (Delta = -0.3 items/category, P<0.01). Breakfast decreased hunger (-42 mm VAS, P<0.01). Postprandially, energy intake (-1.1 MJ), protein intake (-14.7 g) and carbohydrate intake (-32.7 g all P<0.05) were lower. Fat intake was not different (-7.3, P = 0.4). Putamen activity was not lower postprandially. Cortisol levels were increased in the stress condition (Area under the curve of cortisol: DeltaAUC = +2.2 x 10(4) nmol min(-1) l(-1), P<0.05). Satiety was lower after breakfast (-8 mm VAS, P<0.01). Postprandial energy intake, protein intake and carbohydrate intake were relatively higher compared with the rest condition, resulting from more choice for crispiness and fullness of taste (P<0.05). Brain activation was reduced in reward areas: amygdala, hippocampus and cingulate cortex (AUC = -13.33, -1.34, -2.56% blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) s for choosing breakfast and AUC = -9.31, -1.25, -2.34%BOLD s<0.05 for choosing the second meal). Putamen activation was decreased postprandially (AUC = -1.2%BOLD s, P<0.05).
Reward signaling and reward sensitivity were significantly lower under stress, coinciding with increased energy intake from food choice for more crispiness and fullness of taste. The changes in putamen activation may reflect specifically decreased reward prediction sensitivity.
压力会导致人们在不饥饿的情况下进食，这可能与食物奖赏感知有关。
压力会降低食物奖赏感知。
确定急性压力对食物选择和食物选择奖赏相关大脑活动的影响。
9 名女性（BMI=21.5+或-2.2kg/m²，年龄=24.3+或-3.5 岁）。
禁食的受试者两次随机完成休息或应激条件。在每次会话中，进行两次功能性磁共振成像扫描，其中受试者选择随后的餐食（食物图像）。食物的奖赏价值通过喜好和想要来衡量。食物特征（例如，酥脆度、口感饱满度等）、能量摄入、选择的每种宏量营养素的量、血浆皮质醇和视觉模拟量表（VAS）饥饿和饱腹感均进行了测量。
禁食状态通过高饥饿感（80+或-5mmVAS）得到确认。在所有条件下，早餐的能量摄入（3+或-1MJ）和喜好相似。餐后想要的程度较低（Delta=-0.3 项/类别，P<0.01）。早餐降低了饥饿感（-42mmVAS，P<0.01）。餐后，能量摄入（-1.1MJ）、蛋白质摄入（-14.7g）和碳水化合物摄入（-32.7g，均 P<0.05）均较低。脂肪摄入没有差异（-7.3，P=0.4）。餐后纹状体的活动没有降低。应激条件下皮质醇水平升高（皮质醇 AUC：DeltaAUC=+2.2x10⁴nmol min⁻¹l⁻¹，P<0.05）。早餐后饱腹感降低（-8mmVAS，P<0.01）。与休息条件相比，餐后能量摄入、蛋白质摄入和碳水化合物摄入相对较高，这是由于对酥脆度和口感饱满度的选择更多（P<0.05）。奖赏区域的大脑激活减少：杏仁核、海马体和扣带回皮层（AUC=-13.33、-1.34、-2.56%血氧水平依赖（BOLD）s 用于选择早餐，AUC=-9.31、-1.25、-2.34%BOLD s<0.05 用于选择第二餐）。餐后纹状体的激活减少（AUC=-1.2%BOLD s，P<0.05）。
应激下奖赏信号和奖赏敏感性显著降低，同时由于对酥脆度和口感饱满度的选择，食物选择带来的能量摄入增加。纹状体激活的变化可能反映了奖赏预测敏感性的特异性降低。
