Adnexal torsion: a literature review.

This review of the literature focuses on the diagnosis and surgical management of adnexal torsion. Diagnosis of adnexal torsion is difficult and is based on a range of elements obtained by questioning, clinical examination and additional investigations. Pelvic and Doppler ultrasonography are often incapable of revealing this pathology. When adnexal torsion is suspected and diagnosis can only be achieved by surgery, arrangements should be made for laparoscopy as soon as possible. Treatment consists essentially of untwisting the adnexa, even when necrosed, and completed as required by treatment of any cyst present and/or ligamentopexy.