Sarna Linda, Bialous Stella Aguinaga
School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Annu Rev Nurs Res. 2009;27:3-31. doi: 10.1891/0739-6686.27.3.
Tobacco use is an epidemic of overwhelming proportions affecting survival, causing millions of deaths every year, causing untold human suffering worldwide, and contributing to escalating health care costs. Nursing research is vital to advancing knowledge in the field and to the translation of science to evidence-based practice. As the largest group of health care professionals (17 million worldwide), nurses have the capacity for an enormous impact on this leading cause of preventable death. This chapter thus provides a historical overview of the tobacco epidemic, health risks of smoking and benefits of quitting, nicotine addiction, and recommendations of evidence-based tobacco dependence treatment as a backdrop for understanding the importance and need for nursing scholarship. Also examined are nursing science efforts and leadership in removing two barriers to mounting programs of nursing research in tobacco control: (1) lack of nursing education and training in tobacco control, and (2) limited research funding and mentorship. The chapter also addresses the issue of smoking in the profession as it impacts nurses' health, clinical practice, and, potentially, scholarship efforts.
烟草使用是一场规模巨大的流行病，影响着生存，每年导致数百万人死亡，在全球造成了难以估量的人类痛苦，并导致医疗保健成本不断攀升。护理研究对于推动该领域的知识发展以及将科学转化为循证实践至关重要。作为最大的医疗保健专业人员群体（全球有1700万），护士有能力对这一可预防死亡的主要原因产生巨大影响。因此，本章提供了烟草流行的历史概述、吸烟的健康风险与戒烟的益处、尼古丁成瘾，以及循证烟草依赖治疗的建议，以此作为理解护理学术的重要性和必要性的背景。还探讨了护理科学在消除开展烟草控制护理研究项目的两个障碍方面所做的努力和发挥的领导作用：（1）缺乏烟草控制方面的护理教育和培训，以及（2）研究资金和指导有限。本章还讨论了护理行业内的吸烟问题，因为它会影响护士的健康、临床实践以及可能的学术研究工作。
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