Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA.
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2010;61:49-64. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112308.
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the main auxin in higher plants, has profound effects on plant growth and development. Both plants and some plant pathogens can produce IAA to modulate plant growth. Although the genes and biochemical reactions for auxin biosynthesis in some plant pathogens are well understood, elucidation of the mechanisms by which plants produce auxin has proven to be difficult. So far, no single complete pathway of de novo auxin biosynthesis in plants has been firmly established. However, recent studies have led to the discoveries of several genes in tryptophan-dependent auxin biosynthesis pathways. Recent findings have also determined that local auxin biosynthesis plays essential roles in many developmental processes including gametogenesis, embryogenesis, seedling growth, vascular patterning, and flower development. In this review, I summarize the recent advances in dissecting auxin biosynthetic pathways and how the understanding of auxin biosynthesis provides a crucial angle for analyzing the mechanisms of plant development.
吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA），高等植物中的主要生长素，对植物的生长和发育有深远的影响。植物和一些植物病原体都可以产生 IAA 来调节植物的生长。尽管一些植物病原体中生长素生物合成的基因和生化反应已经得到很好的理解，但阐明植物产生生长素的机制却被证明是困难的。到目前为止，还没有一个单一的植物从头合成生长素的完整途径被确定。然而，最近的研究导致了在色氨酸依赖的生长素生物合成途径中发现了几个基因。最近的发现还确定了局部生长素生物合成在许多发育过程中起着至关重要的作用，包括配子发生、胚胎发生、幼苗生长、血管模式形成和花发育。在这篇综述中，我总结了近年来在剖析生长素生物合成途径方面的进展，以及对生长素生物合成的理解如何为分析植物发育的机制提供了一个关键角度。
