Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
Br J Psychiatry. 2010 Mar;196(3):235-40. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.109.066274.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is recognised as a common, disabling condition. Little information is available regarding the long-term outcomes for individuals with ADHD in the UK.
To examine the 5-year outcome for a UK cohort of children with diagnosed, treated ADHD and identify whether maternal and social factors predict key outcomes.
One hundred and twenty-six school-aged children (mean age 9.4 years, s.d. = 1.7) diagnosed with ADHD were reassessed 5 years later during adolescence (mean age 14.5 years, s.d. = 1.7) for ADHD, conduct disorder and other antisocial behaviours.
Most adolescents (69.8%) continued to meet full criteria for ADHD, were known to specialist services and exhibited high levels of antisocial behaviour, criminal activity and substance use problems. Maternal childhood conduct disorder predicted offspring ADHD continuity; maternal childhood conduct disorder, lower child IQ and social class predicted offspring conduct disorder symptoms.
The treatment and monitoring of ADHD need to be intensified as outcomes are poor especially in offspring of mothers with childhood conduct disorder symptoms.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种常见的、使人丧失能力的疾病。关于英国 ADHD 患者的长期预后结果，信息有限。
检查英国一组被诊断为患有 ADHD 的儿童的 5 年预后，并确定母婴和社会因素是否可以预测关键结果。
126 名学龄儿童（平均年龄 9.4 岁，标准差=1.7）被诊断为 ADHD，5 年后在青春期（平均年龄 14.5 岁，标准差=1.7）重新评估 ADHD、品行障碍和其他反社会行为。
大多数青少年（69.8%）继续符合 ADHD 的全部标准，为专科服务所熟知，并表现出高度的反社会行为、犯罪活动和物质使用问题。母亲儿时的品行障碍预测后代 ADHD 的持续性；母亲儿时的品行障碍、孩子较低的智商和社会阶层预测后代品行障碍症状。
需要加强 ADHD 的治疗和监测，因为预后较差，尤其是母亲有儿时品行障碍症状的后代。
