Sports Medicine Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2010 Jun;38(6):1166-73. doi: 10.1177/0363546509357836. Epub 2010 Mar 2.
Very little information is available regarding the incidence, causative mechanisms, and expected duration of time lost after injuries to kickers (placekickers and punters) in American football.
Lower extremity musculotendinous injuries are the most common type of injury in American football kickers. The injuries related to punting differ from injuries related to placekicking.
Descriptive epidemiologic study.
A retrospective review of all documented injuries to kickers in the National Football League over a 20-year period (1988-2007) was performed using the League's injury surveillance database. The data were analyzed from multiple perspectives, with emphasis on the type of kick or activity at the time of injury and the factors that affect return to play after injury.
There were 488 total injuries over the 20-year period: 72% involved the lower extremity, 9% involved the lumbosacral spine, and 7% involved the head. Muscle-tendon injuries (49%) were the most common, followed by ligamentous injuries (17%). There was a significantly higher risk of injury in games (17.7 per 1000) than during practice (1.91 per 1000). Most injuries (93%) did not require surgery, and the mean time to return to play was 15 days if no surgery was necessary. Kickers over 30 years of age took longer to return to play (mean, 21 days) than younger kickers (mean, 12 days) after nonsurgical injuries (P = .03). Mean return to play after injuries that required surgery was 121 days. Lumbosacral soft tissue injury, lateral ankle sprains, and shoulder injuries were more likely to occur in punters than placekickers.
Kicking athletes face a low risk of injury in professional American football. Injuries most commonly involve the lower extremities. Training and injury prevention efforts should reflect that punting is associated with different injuries than placekicking, and that older kickers take longer to recuperate than younger kickers after certain injuries.
在美国足球中，关于踢球手（射门球员和弃踢手）受伤的发生率、致病机制以及受伤后预计丧失的时间，相关信息非常有限。
下肢肌肉-肌腱损伤是美式足球踢球手中最常见的损伤类型。与弃踢相关的损伤与与射门相关的损伤不同。
描述性流行病学研究。
对 20 年间（1988-2007 年）美国国家橄榄球联盟中所有记录在案的踢球手的受伤情况进行了回顾性审查，使用联盟的伤病监测数据库进行分析。从多个角度分析了数据，重点关注受伤时的踢球或活动类型以及受伤后重返赛场的影响因素。
在 20 年间共有 488 例总损伤：72%涉及下肢，9%涉及腰骶脊柱，7%涉及头部。肌肉-肌腱损伤（49%）最常见，其次是韧带损伤（17%）。比赛中的受伤风险明显高于训练（比赛中每 1000 次受伤 17.7 次，训练中每 1000 次受伤 1.91 次）。大多数（93%）损伤无需手术，若无需手术，平均恢复运动时间为 15 天。与年轻的踢球手（12 天）相比，年龄超过 30 岁的踢球手（21 天）在非手术损伤后重返赛场的时间更长（P=0.03）。需要手术的损伤后平均恢复运动时间为 121 天。腰骶部软组织损伤、外踝扭伤和肩部损伤在弃踢手中比射门手中更常见。
在职业美式足球中，踢球运动员受伤的风险较低。受伤最常见于下肢。训练和伤病预防工作应反映出，与射门相比，弃踢会导致不同的损伤，而对于某些损伤，年龄较大的踢球手比年轻的踢球手恢复得更慢。
