Department for Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary;
Persoonia. 2009 Jun;22:28-37. doi: 10.3767/003158509X422434. Epub 2009 Feb 16.
Phylogenetic relationships, species concepts and morphological evolution of the coprinoid mushroom genus Parasola were studied. A combined dataset of nuclear ribosomal ITS and LSU sequences was used to infer phylogenetic relationships of Parasola species and several outgroup taxa. Clades recovered in the phylogenetic analyses corresponded well to morphologically discernable species, although in the case of P. leiocephala, P. lilatincta and P. plicatilis amended concepts proved necessary. Parasola galericuliformis and P. hemerobia are shown to be synonymous with P. leiocephala and P. plicatilis, respectively. By mapping morphological characters on the phylogeny, it is shown that the emergence of deliquescent Parasola taxa was accompanied by the development of pleurocystidia, brachybasidia and a plicate pileus. Spore shape and the position of the germ pore on the spores showed definite evolutionary trends within the group: from ellipsoid the former becomes more voluminous and heart-shaped, the latter evolves from central to eccentric in taxa referred to as 'crown' Parasola species. The results are discussed and compared to other Coprinus s.l. and Psathyrella taxa. Homoplasy and phylogenetic significance of various morphological characters, as well as indels in ITS and LSU sequences, are also evaluated.
研究了侧耳蘑菇属 Parasola 的系统发育关系、物种概念和形态进化。使用核核糖体 ITS 和 LSU 序列的组合数据集来推断 Parasola 物种和几个外群分类群的系统发育关系。系统发育分析中恢复的分支与形态上可区分的物种很好地对应，尽管在 P. leiocephala、P. lilatincta 和 P. plicatilis 的情况下，需要修正概念。Parasola galericuliformis 和 P. hemerobia 分别被证明与 P. leiocephala 和 P. plicatilis 同义。通过将形态特征映射到系统发育树上，可以看出，易溶 Parasola 类群的出现伴随着侧生囊状体、短梗基和褶皱的菌盖的发育。在该组内，孢子形状和孢子上的生殖孔位置表现出明确的进化趋势：从前的椭圆形变得更加饱满和心形，后一种变化从中央到偏心在被称为“冠” Parasola 物种的分类群中进化。结果进行了讨论，并与其他 Coprinus s.l. 和 Psathyrella 分类群进行了比较。还评估了各种形态特征、ITS 和 LSU 序列中的插入缺失以及同形现象的系统发育意义。
