Sabaté Joan, Wien Michelle
Loma Linda University, Department of Nutrition, NH 1102, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2010;19(1):131-6.
The aim of this paper is to evaluate nut-related epidemiological and human feeding study findings and to discuss the important nutritional attributes of nuts and their link to cardiovascular health. Frequent nut consumption has been found to be protective against coronary heart disease in five large epidemiological studies across two continents. A qualitative summary of the data from four of these studies found an 8.3% reduction in risk of death from coronary heart disease for each weekly serving of nuts. Over 40 dietary intervention studies have been conducted evaluating the effect of nut containing diets on blood lipids. These studies have demonstrated that intake of different kinds of nuts lower total and LDL cholesterol and the LDL: HDL ratio in healthy subjects or patients with moderate hypercholesterolaemia, even in the context of healthy diets. Nuts have a unique fatty acid profile and feature a high unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio, an important contributing factor to the beneficial health effects of nut consumption. Additional cardioprotective nutrients found in nuts include vegetable protein, fiber, alpha-tocopherol, folic acid, magnesium, copper, phytosterols and other phytochemicals.
本文旨在评估与坚果相关的流行病学及人体喂养研究结果，并探讨坚果重要的营养特性及其与心血管健康的联系。在横跨两大洲的五项大型流行病学研究中，发现经常食用坚果对冠心病具有预防作用。对其中四项研究的数据进行定性总结发现，每周食用一份坚果可使冠心病死亡风险降低8.3%。已经开展了40多项饮食干预研究，评估含坚果饮食对血脂的影响。这些研究表明，即使在健康饮食的情况下，摄入不同种类的坚果也能降低健康受试者或中度高胆固醇血症患者的总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及低密度脂蛋白与高密度脂蛋白的比值。坚果具有独特的脂肪酸组成，不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比例很高，这是食用坚果对健康产生有益影响的一个重要因素。坚果中还发现了其他具有心脏保护作用的营养物质，包括植物蛋白、纤维、α-生育酚、叶酸、镁、铜、植物甾醇和其他植物化学物质。
