School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2023 Feb 22;15(5):1099. doi: 10.3390/nu15051099.
Oxidative stress and inflammation are mediators in the pathophysiology of several non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Tree nuts and peanuts lower risk factors of cardiometabolic disease, including blood lipids, blood pressure and insulin resistance, among others. Given their strong antioxidant/anti-inflammatory potential, it is plausible that nuts may also exert a favorable effect on inflammation and oxidative stress. Evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest a modest protective effect of total nuts; however, the evidence is inconsistent for specific nut types. In this narrative review, the state of evidence to date is summarized for the effect of nut intake on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, and an attempt is made to define the gaps in research while providing a framework for future research. Overall, it appears that some nuts, such as almonds and walnuts, may favorably modify inflammation, and others, such as Brazil nuts, may favorably influence oxidative stress. There is a pressing need for large RCTs with an adequate sample size that consider different nut types, and the dose and duration of nut intervention, while evaluating a robust set of biomarkers for inflammation and oxidative stress. Building a stronger evidence base is important, especially since oxidative stress and inflammation are mediators of many NCDs and can benefit both personalized and public health nutrition.
氧化应激和炎症是几种非传染性疾病（NCDs）病理生理学的介质。坚果和花生可以降低心血管代谢疾病的风险因素，包括血脂、血压和胰岛素抵抗等。鉴于它们具有强大的抗氧化/抗炎潜力，坚果可能对炎症和氧化应激也有有利的影响。来自队列研究和随机对照试验（RCT）的系统评价和荟萃分析的证据表明，总坚果有适度的保护作用；然而，对于特定的坚果类型，证据并不一致。在这篇叙述性评论中，总结了迄今为止关于坚果摄入对炎症和氧化应激生物标志物影响的证据状况，并试图确定研究中的差距，同时为未来的研究提供框架。总的来说，一些坚果，如杏仁和核桃，似乎可以有利地调节炎症，而其他坚果，如巴西坚果，可能会有利地影响氧化应激。迫切需要进行大型 RCT，样本量足够大，同时考虑不同的坚果类型、坚果干预的剂量和持续时间，同时评估一组用于炎症和氧化应激的强大生物标志物。建立更强有力的证据基础很重要，特别是因为氧化应激和炎症是许多 NCDs 的介质，既可以有益于个性化营养，也可以有益于公共健康营养。
