3M2061 Martha Van Rensselaer Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Feb;1186:174-89. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05336.x.
The social patterning of disease and mortality provokes a search for explanation. One potential underlying explanation for socioeconomic status (SES) gradients in health is exposure to multiple risk factors. Income and class tend to sort individuals into different settings that are often accompanied by systematic differences in environmental quality. Housing and neighborhood quality, pollutants and toxins, crowding and congestion, and noise exposure all vary with SES. Persons lower in SES also experience more adverse interpersonal relationships with family members, friends, supervisors, and community members. Furthermore, exposure to these multiple risk factors is associated with worse health outcomes. Thus, the convergence of exposure to multiple physical and psychosocial risk factors accompanying disadvantage may account for a portion of SES gradients in health in both childhood and adulthood.
疾病和死亡率的社会模式引发了人们对其原因的探究。社会经济地位（SES）与健康状况之间存在差异的一个潜在解释是，人们会接触到多种风险因素。收入和阶层往往会将个人分配到不同的环境中，而这些环境通常伴随着环境质量的系统性差异。住房和社区质量、污染物和毒素、拥挤和拥堵以及噪音暴露等因素都会随着 SES 而变化。SES 较低的人也会经历更多与家庭成员、朋友、主管和社区成员之间的不良人际关系。此外，接触这些多种物理和心理社会风险因素与更糟糕的健康结果相关。因此，伴随着劣势的多种身体和心理社会风险因素的暴露可能是儿童期和成年期 SES 与健康之间差异的一部分原因。
