University of Louisville, 1st Street and Cardinal Boulevard, Life Sciences Building, Rm 317B, Louisville, KY 40204, USA.
Schizophr Res. 2010 May;118(1-3):128-33. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.01.031. Epub 2010 Mar 3.
Evidence for the existence of categorically distinct disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression is mixed: neuropsychological impairments may be similar in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder; schizophrenia and major depression show similar neuropsychological and frontal lobe disturbances; and overlap in biochemical anomalies among the disorders has also been reported. Interestingly, there are very few studies that directly compare all diagnoses. The present study compares cognitive perseveration in these three diagnostic groups using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) to examine performance across patients with schizophrenia (n=143), bipolar disorder (n=25) and major depression (n=21). Individuals used in this sample were 18-45 years old at time of testing to eliminate confounds of aging. Sex ratios within each diagnostic group are comparable to those of the national population. Univariate analyses examining diagnostic group and percent perseverative error revealed no significant differences in WCST performance across the diagnostic groups. Examination of clinical variables in the sample of individuals with schizophrenia revealed that perseveration is related to negative symptoms and depressive symptoms in young adults.
存在诸如精神分裂症、双相情感障碍和重度抑郁症等分类明确的障碍的证据是混杂的：神经心理学损伤在精神分裂症和双相情感障碍中可能相似；精神分裂症和重度抑郁症表现出相似的神经心理学和额叶紊乱；这些障碍之间的生化异常也有报道重叠。有趣的是，很少有研究直接比较所有诊断。本研究使用威斯康星卡片分类任务（WCST）比较这三个诊断组的认知持续性，以检查精神分裂症患者（n=143）、双相情感障碍患者（n=25）和重度抑郁症患者（n=21）的表现。本样本中的个体在测试时年龄在 18-45 岁之间，以消除年龄的混杂因素。每个诊断组的性别比例与全国人口的性别比例相当。对诊断组和持续性错误百分比进行的单变量分析显示，WCST 表现 across 诊断组无显著差异。对精神分裂症个体样本中的临床变量进行检查发现，持续性与年轻成年人的阴性症状和抑郁症状有关。
