Plants, Soils, and Climate, 4820 Old Main Hill AGS 332, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
Bioresour Technol. 2010 Jul;101(14):5658-66. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.144. Epub 2010 Mar 3.
Biodynamic (BD) agriculture, a form of organic agriculture, includes the use of specially fermented preparations, but peer-reviewed studies on their efficacy are rare. Composting of a grape pomace and manure mixture was studied in two years (2002 and 2005) with and without the BD compost preparations. Water extracts of finished composts were then used to fertigate wheat seedlings, with and without added inorganic fertilizer. BD-treated mixtures had significantly greater dehydrogenase activity than did untreated (control) mixtures during composting, suggesting greater microbial activity in BD-treated compost. In both years there was a distinct compost effect on wheat shoot and root biomass irrespective of supplemental fertilizer. Shoot biomass was highest in all treatments receiving 1% compost extract. Wheat seedlings that received 1% compost extract in 2005 grew similar root and shoot biomass as fertilized seedlings, despite only containing 30% as much nitrogen as the fertilizer treatment. In both years seedlings that received fertilizer plus 1% compost extract produced 22-61% more shoot biomass and 40-66% more root biomass than seedlings that received fertilizer alone, even at higher rates. In 2002 a 1% extract of BD compost grew 7% taller wheat seedlings than did 1% extract of untreated compost. At 0.1% only BD extract grew taller plants than water, but in 2002 only. No effect on shoot or root biomass was seen at 0.1%. Our results support the use of compost extracts as fertilizer substitutes or supplements, testimonial reports on the growth promoting effects of compost extracts, and the occasional superiority of BD compost to untreated compost.
生物动力（BD）农业是一种有机农业形式，包括使用特殊发酵制剂，但关于其功效的同行评审研究很少。在两年（2002 年和 2005 年）中，对葡萄渣和粪肥混合物进行了堆肥研究，有无 BD 堆肥制剂。然后使用成品堆肥的水提取物来灌溉小麦幼苗，有无添加无机肥料。与未处理（对照）混合物相比，BD 处理混合物在堆肥过程中具有显著更高的脱氢酶活性，表明 BD 处理堆肥中的微生物活性更大。在这两年中，无论是否添加补充肥料，堆肥对小麦地上部和根生物量都有明显的影响。在所有接受 1%堆肥提取物的处理中，地上部生物量最高。2005 年，接受 1%堆肥提取物的小麦幼苗的根和地上部生物量与施肥幼苗相似，尽管只含有肥料处理的 30%的氮。在这两年中，与单独施肥的幼苗相比，接受肥料加 1%堆肥提取物的幼苗产生的地上部生物量增加了 22-61%，根生物量增加了 40-66%，即使在较高的施肥率下也是如此。在 2002 年，BD 堆肥的 1%提取物比未处理堆肥的 1%提取物使小麦幼苗高 7%。在 0.1%时，只有 BD 提取物比水使植物长得更高，但只在 2002 年。在 0.1%时，对地上部或根生物量没有影响。我们的结果支持使用堆肥提取物作为肥料替代品或补充品，证明堆肥提取物具有促进生长的作用，以及 BD 堆肥偶尔优于未处理堆肥。
