School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78701, USA.
Gerontologist. 2010 Oct;50(5):632-45. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnq017. Epub 2010 Mar 4.
Cognitive training improves mental abilities in older adults, but the benefit to minority elders is unclear. We conducted a subgroup analysis of subjects in the SeniorWISE (Wisdom Is Simply Exploration) trial to examine this issue.
SeniorWISE was a Phase 3 randomized trial that enrolled 265 nondemented community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older between 2001 and 2006. Participants were randomly assigned to 12 hr of either memory or health training.
The sample was 79% female, 71% Caucasian, 17% Hispanic, and 12% African American. On the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT), 28% of the sample scored normal, 47% scored poor, and 25% impaired. Memory performance changed differently over time depending on the demographic characteristics of participants. Both Hispanics and Blacks performed better than Whites on visual memory, and Blacks performed better over time on instrumental activities of daily living. On all performance measures, lower pretest scores were associated with relatively greater improvements over time.
Our analyses suggested that minority participants received differential benefits from the memory training; however, this remains speculative because the 3 ethnic groups in the sample were not equivalent in size. The question of why Black and Hispanic participants often made greater improvements needs further exploration.
认知训练可提高老年人的心理能力，但少数民族老年人的获益尚不清楚。我们对 SeniorWISE（智慧就是探索）试验中的受试者进行了亚组分析，以探讨这个问题。
SeniorWISE 是一项 3 期随机试验，于 2001 年至 2006 年期间招募了 265 名无痴呆的社区居住的 65 岁及以上老年人。参与者被随机分配接受 12 小时的记忆或健康训练。
该样本中 79%为女性，71%为白种人，17%为西班牙裔，12%为非裔美国人。在 Rivermead 行为记忆测试（RBMT）中，28%的样本得分正常，47%得分较差，25%得分受损。记忆表现随时间的推移而变化，取决于参与者的人口统计学特征。西班牙裔和黑人在视觉记忆方面的表现优于白人，黑人在日常生活活动的工具性方面随时间的推移表现更好。在所有表现测量中，较低的预测试分数与随时间推移相对较大的改善相关。
我们的分析表明，少数族裔参与者从记忆训练中获得了不同的收益；然而，这仍然是推测性的，因为样本中的 3 个族裔群体在规模上并不相等。黑人和西班牙裔参与者为何经常取得更大的改善的问题需要进一步探讨。
